Languages and cultures: study assistance, study summaries and student internships abroad

from improving study skills to studying abroad and job openings to personal experiences

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Languages and cultures

INTRO   SUMMARIES AND STUDY ASSISTANCE   ACTIVITIES AND TIPS   ORGANIZATIONS   SPOTLIGHT   SEARCH

PAGE INTRO

Table of contents:

Languages and cultures: study and knowledge
  • What is culture?
  • Why study culture, and where is the best place to study, intern, or work abroad?
Languages and cultures: summaries and study assistance
  • What are the best textbooks for society and culture summarized?
Languages and cultures: summaries per related study field
Languages and cultures: study and work skills
  • How to improve your study skills in the field of languages and cultures?
  • Which skills are related to the field of languages and cultures?
Languages and cultures: study abroad, intern abroad, and work abroad
  • Which activities, internships, and vacancies abroad are related to the field of languages and cultures?
  • Which organizations offer internships and activities in the field of languages and cultures?
Languages and cultures: shared experiences
  • What are the related spotlight blogs and contributions of other WorldSupporters?
Languages and cultures: shared content
  • All shared content related to languages and cultures: jobs, tips, summaries, organizations, and blogs
  • Search all shared content

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What is culture, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is culture, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is culture?

  • Culture is an interdisciplinary field examining the ideas, customs, symbols, values, and social practices through which groups organize and interpret life.
  • The discipline draws on anthropology, sociology, media studies, history, and related fields to understand how cultural patterns develop, circulate, and change.
  • Culture provides a way of understanding social landscapes by connecting everyday behavior, identity, communication, creative expression, and relations of power.

What are the main reasons for being active in the field of culture?

  • The field encourages close examination of how people create meaning, establish shared values, and interpret their surroundings through customs, stories, symbols, and institutions.
  • Cultural analysis reveals how historical events, social movements, technologies, and contact between communities influence practices and collective identities.
  • The discipline offers practical insight into communication, education, public policy, development work, media, and other settings involving culturally diverse groups.
  • Studying culture contributes to understanding social inequality by examining how traditions, representations, and institutions can reinforce or challenge relations of power.
  • An international perspective makes it possible to compare cultural settings without ranking them and to understand how local practices interact with global developments.

What skills do you need to participate in culture?

  • To analyse: cultural inquiry involves interpreting practices, representations, institutions, and social relationships while considering their historical and local contexts.
  • To be aware of your surroundings: careful observation makes it possible to recognize how meanings are expressed through behavior, language, spaces, objects, and everyday routines.
  • To communicate: the field requires cultural interpretations to be expressed clearly while remaining attentive to different perspectives, assumptions, and forms of expression.
  • To be empathic: cultural study benefits from efforts to understand practices and experiences from the viewpoints of the people involved.
  • To form an opinion: participants must evaluate cultural arguments, representations, and social debates while supporting interpretations with appropriate evidence.
  • To collaborate: cultural projects often bring together communities, researchers, educators, artists, policymakers, and professionals from different disciplinary backgrounds.

What motivates people to study or work in culture?

  • Be and feel connected: cultural study appeals to people interested in how shared practices, narratives, and symbols create relationships within and between communities.
  • Be and feel involved: the discipline attracts people who want to engage closely with social developments, community experiences, public debates, and creative expression.
  • Be and feel self-aware: examining other cultural perspectives can encourage reflection on personal assumptions, inherited values, identity, and patterns of interpretation.
  • Be and feel empathetic: the field can motivate those seeking to understand how people experience belonging, inequality, tradition, change, and cultural difference.
  • Be and feel meaningful with a sense of purpose: cultural knowledge can support more thoughtful communication, education, policymaking, development work, and representation.

What are the best countries and locations to study, intern or work in culture?

  • Countries with strong traditions of cultural anthropology, sociology, public debate, and institutional cultural research include United Kingdom, France, Germany, and The Netherlands.
  • Countries where long histories, regional traditions, religion, art, and social change create layered cultural landscapes include Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Morocco.
  • Countries where indigenous traditions, colonial histories, migration, and contemporary identities can be studied together include Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala.
  • Countries shaped by rapid urbanization, digital communication, changing consumer cultures, and interactions between tradition and modernity include Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and China.
  • Culturally diverse countries where migration, multilingualism, postcolonial legacies, and questions of national identity remain visible include South Africa, India, Canada, and Australia.

Where can you find work experience and vacancies for jobs, internships, and voluntary work in culture abroad?

What are things to consider when studying or working abroad in culture?

  • International cultural experience can take many forms, including study, research, internships, volunteering, community projects, and creative exchange: activities around and abroad
  • Preparation should include attention to local customs, communication styles, documentation, housing, ethical engagement, and the position of visitors within the host community: preparation for successful travel and stay abroad
  • Health arrangements, insurance, personal care, safety, and access to appropriate support require consideration before beginning a cultural study or work placement abroad: insuring and taking care abroad

 

Further depth: what is culture as a discipline?

What are the main features of culture?

Culture is studied as a changing system of meanings and practices through which people interpret experiences, organize relationships, and respond to historical and social conditions.

  • Cultural change: Culture develops through political events, social movements, technological innovations, migration, and contact between communities with different practices and perspectives.
  • Power relations: Cultural practices can support established hierarchies or challenge them, connecting cultural meaning to authority, representation, access, and social inequality.
  • Meaning-making: Shared narratives, customs, and classifications provide frameworks through which people interpret events, relationships, identities, and expectations about appropriate behavior.
  • Cultural expression: Art, music, film, literature, fashion, and digital media express existing values while also influencing how communities understand themselves.

What are important sub-areas of culture?

The field combines several disciplinary perspectives, each emphasizing different relationships between cultural meaning, social organization, communication, identity, and everyday life.

  • Anthropology: This discipline examines cultural practices across societies and uses contextual observation to understand behavior, belief, identity, and social organization.
  • Sociology: This discipline studies how culture interacts with institutions, families, governments, social classes, communities, and other structures organizing relationships within society.
  • Media studies: This area investigates how cultural meanings are created, distributed, interpreted, and contested through journalism, advertising, film, television, and digital platforms.

What are key concepts in culture?

Cultural analysis relies on concepts that explain how meanings become shared, how behavior is guided, and how individuals locate themselves within social groups.

  • Symbols: Objects, gestures, words, or images can carry meanings that are recognized and interpreted within a particular cultural or social setting.
  • Norms: Largely unwritten expectations guide behavior and influence judgments about what a community considers appropriate, ordinary, acceptable, or unusual.
  • Values: Shared ideas about what is desirable, good, harmful, or important influence individual decisions and collective responses to social questions.
  • Identity: People understand belonging through cultural elements such as language, nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, memory, and shared experiences.
  • Dominant culture: Cultural patterns associated with influential groups can receive greater institutional support, public visibility, and authority than those of other groups.

Who are influential figures in culture?

Several scholars have shaped cultural inquiry by examining

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Summaries & Study assistance

Summary of the 4th edition of Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson

Summary of the 4th edition of Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson

Summary with Cross-Cultural Management

    Read ahead for the summaries per chapter

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    Summaries: the best textbooks for society and culture summarized

    Summaries: the best textbooks for society and culture summarized

    Summaries: the best textbooks for society and culture summarized

    What is this page about?

    Where to go next?

    • Read on for highlighted summaries.
    • Click on the topic of your interest, then use the links to go to the summaries
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    Summaries: home page

    Home page for the use of summaries on WorldSupporter

    What is this page about?

    • Contents: information about using and finding summaries of study books, scientific articles, academic concepts and practice exams on WorldSupporter
    • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
    • Languages: English, Dutch
    • Access: Public

    Where to go next?

    What to find below?

    • Summaries per study and study field
    • Summaries per type and form
      • How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?
      • How and why would you use summaries?
      • Finding summaries practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
      • Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
    • Main theme pages for learn and study
    • FAQ: questions and answers about summaries
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    Skills & Competences

    Related competences, skills and values
    Study skills

    Study skills

    Study skills

    To analyse

    To analyse

    To analyse

    Discover or develop competencies, qualities, traits and signals

    To communicate

    To communicate

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    To communicate

    discover or develop competencies, qualities, traits and signals

    To be involved

    To be involved

    What is to be involved?

    • Being involved means being loyal and honest with others, the group you are part of or the organization you work in.
    • In doing so, you put the interests of another above your own interests, but you keep an eye on your own boundaries.
    • You can feel committed to a goal, an organization or a person, and work to achieve those goals.

    What are concepts and competencies associated with commitment?

    • Acting in the best interest of your environment
    • Being loyal
    • Being loyal
    • Taking responsibility
    • Bearing responsibility
    • Being connected

    What are forms of being involved?

    • The competency "being involved" can come in different forms, such as loyalty, acting in the best interest of the organization and taking responsibility.

    What is loyalty?

    • Having loyalty means that you can be faithful, that you do what you promised, and that you treat another with honesty and integrity.
    • Being loyal also means that you can put another person's interests ahead of your own, and put your own interests aside when really necessary.
    Skills: suggestions and summaries on academic skills

    Suggestions and summaries of Worldsupporters on academic skill improvement

     

    Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

    Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

    What is critical thinking? - Chapter 1

    [TOC]

    What is the importance of critical thinking?

    For us humans, there is an importance in critical thinking because it aids us in making good decisions. Often we do not realise how irrational our decisions can be, and this is where critical thinking comes in. Critical thinking basically means thinking about our thinking. We make use of logic and reason to determine whether or not a claim is true, if the reasoning behind it is sound and if we can draw a correlation or connection. It is not necessarily about coming up with claim as much as evaluating the correctness of claims that have been made and try to form a proper conclusion.

    To achieve this, we evaluate our thinking on the basis of rationality. When we understand how critical thinking works, we can use this knowledge to be critical in multiple subjects and situations in our daily lives. It is, however, important to understand that criticising other people’s claims and ideas does not mean that we want to attack other people, only that we are trying to find the logic in them. Also, criticising other people in not always a case of critical thinking. People can criticise in the most illogical and unreasonable ways, without considering whether or not their claims are true or their reasoning sound.

    When we come to a conclusion at the end of a reasoning, we call that a belief. Beliefs are prepositional and can be either true or false. Beliefs can be compared to a judgement or an opinion. When a belief is stated in a declarative way, that is when we start calling it a claim or statement. Claims are things that we can think critically about.

    What are important elements of critical thinking?

    Within critical thinking, there are three important parts: claims, issues and arguments. These parts can be analysed once they have been determined in conversation or writing.

    Claims

    Claims are things that we write or declare, to bring across information. With claims we often deal with statements, opinions or beliefs. Claims can be true

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    Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

    Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

    Chapter 1: Literature

     

    Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

    Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

    Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

    Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

    Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

    Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

    Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

    Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

    Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

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    Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

    Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

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    How to triumph over the theory of statistics (without understanding everything)?

    Stats of students

    • The first years that you follow statistics, it is often a case of taking knowledge for granted and simply trying to pass the courses. Don't worry if you don't understand everything right away: in later years it will fall into place, and you will see the importance of the theory you had to know before.
    • The book you need to study may be difficult to understand at first. Be patient: later in your studies, the effort you put in now will pay off.
    • Be a Gestalt Scientist! In other words, recognize that the whole of statistics is greater than the sum of its parts. It is very easy to get hung up on nit-picking details and fail to see the forest because of the trees
    • Tip: Precise use of language is important in research. Try to reproduce the theory verbatim (i.e. learn by heart) where possible. With that, you don't have to understand it yet, you show that you've been working on it, you can't go wrong by using the wrong word and you practice for later reporting of research.
    • Tip: Keep study material, handouts, sheets, and other publications from your teacher for future reference.

    How to score points with formulas of statistics (without learning them all)?

    • The direct relationship between data and results consists of mathematical formulas. These follow their own logic, are written in their own language, and can therefore be complex to comprehend.
    • If you don't understand the math behind statistics, you don't understand statistics. This does not have to be a problem, because statistics is an applied science from which you can also get excellent results without understanding. None of your teachers will understand all the statistical formulas.
    • Please note: you will probably have to know and understand a number of formulas, so that you can demonstrate that you know the principle of how statistics work. Which formulas you need to know differs from subject to subject and lecturer to lecturer, but in general these are relatively simple formulas that occur frequently, and your lecturer will likely tell you (often several times) that you should know this formula.
    • Tip: if you want to recognize statistical symbols, you can use: Recognizing commonly used statistical symbols
    • Tip: have fun with LaTeX! LaTeX code gives us a simple way to write out mathematical formulas and make them look professional. Play with LaTeX. With that, you can include used formulas in your own papers and you learn to understand how a formula is built up – which greatly benefits your understanding and remembering that formula. See also (in Dutch): How to create formulas like a pro on JoHo WorldSupporter?
    • Tip: Are you interested in a career in sciences or programming? Then take your formulas seriously and go through them again after your course.

    How to practice your statistics (with minimal effort)?

    How to select your data?

    • Your teacher will regularly use a dataset for lessons during the first years of your studying. It is instructive (and can be a lot of fun) to set up your own research for once with real data that is also used by other researchers.
    • Tip: scientific articles often indicate which datasets have been used for the research. There is a good chance that those datasets are valid. Sometimes there are also studies that determine which datasets are more valid for the topic you want to study than others. Make use of datasets other researchers point out.
    • Tip: Do you want an interesting research result? You can use the same method and question, but use an alternative dataset, and/or alternative variables, and/or alternative location, and/or alternative time span. This allows you to validate or falsify the results of earlier research.
    • Tip: for datasets you can look at Discovering datasets for statistical research

    How to operationalize clearly and smartly?

    • For the operationalization, it is usually sufficient to indicate the following three things:
      • What is the concept you want to study?
      • Which variable does that concept represent?
      • Which indicators do you select for those variables?
    • It is smart to argue that a variable is valid, or why you choose that indicator.
    • For example, if you want to know whether someone is currently a father or mother (concept), you can search the variables for how many children the respondent has (variable) and then select on the indicators greater than 0, or is not 0 (indicators). Where possible, use the terms 'concept', 'variable', 'indicator' and 'valid' in your communication. For example, as follows: “The variable [variable name] is a valid measure of the concept [concept name] (if applicable: source). The value [description of the value] is an indicator of [what you want to measure].” (ie.: The variable "Number of children" is a valid measure of the concept of parenthood. A value greater than 0 is an indicator of whether someone is currently a father or mother.)

    How to run analyses and draw your conclusions?

    • The choice of your analyses depends, among other things, on what your research goal is, which methods are often used in the existing literature, and practical issues and limitations.
    • The more you learn, the more independently you can choose research methods that suit your research goal. In the beginning, follow the lecturer – at the end of your studies you will have a toolbox with which you can vary in your research yourself.
    • Try to link up as much as possible with research methods that are used in the existing literature, because otherwise you could be comparing apples with oranges. Deviating can sometimes lead to interesting results, but discuss this with your teacher first.
    • For as long as you need, keep a step-by-step plan at hand on how you can best run your analysis and achieve results. For every analysis you run, there is a step-by-step explanation of how to perform it; if you do not find it in your study literature, it can often be found quickly on the internet.
    • Tip: Practice a lot with statistics, so that you can show results quickly. You cannot learn statistics by just reading about it.
    • Tip: The measurement level of the variables you use (ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal) largely determines the research method you can use. Show your audience that you recognize this.
    • Tip: conclusions from statistical analyses will never be certain, but at the most likely. There is usually a standard formulation for each research method with which you can express the conclusions from that analysis and at the same time indicate that it is not certain. Use that standard wording when communicating about results from your analysis.
    • Tip: see explanation for various analyses: Introduction to statistics
    Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

    Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

    Study Guide with summaries and study assistance for:

    • Booktitle: Academic Writing Skills
    • Authors: Van der Molen; Ackermann; Osseweijer; Schmidt; van der Wal; de Boer; Polak
    • Edition: 3rd

    Summaries expected September 24th

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    Summary of Writing Psychology Research Reports by Starreveld - 1st edition - Exclusive
    Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

    Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

    Does knowledge consist of facts that have come from experience? - Chapter 1

    What is the common sense view of science?

    In the first four chapters of this book, the statement "science is derived from facts" is critically analyzed. Throughout the book, this statement's meaning changes slightly. Facts are statements about the world that can be sensed. Facts are neither personal opinions nor speculative ideas. If the world is perceived accurately and without prejudice, the facts that are established are, therefore, a reliable and objective basis for science. Scientific knowledge is reliable and objective if the facts guide conclusive reasoning to laws and theories that make up the basis for scientific knowledge. Before the 17th century, science was primarily based on authorities such as the Bible and Aristotle. Due to people like Galileo, this idea changed in the 17th century. People started to see observation as the basis of science.

    Empirists (such as Berkeley, Locke, and Hume) and positivists held the idea that we can see facts as indisputably correct through observation. It follows from this reasoning that knowledge derived from this is objective and reliable. However, it is doubtful that science is based on observable facts. The problem that arises following the statement that science can be deduced from the facts relates to:

    1. The nature of the 'facts' and the way in which scientists have access to those facts;
    2. The way in which laws and theories can be derived from the facts, once we know those facts.

    Some believe that facts are at the basis of science because they have the following assumptions:

    • Facts are directly accessible through the senses to all unbiased observers;
    • Facts precede the theory and are independent of it;
    • Facts are
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    What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

    What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

    Professional skills in pedagogy encompass the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes that educators and educational professionals need to effectively work with children, young people, and adults. These skills are essential for guiding learning processes, creating safe and stimulating learning environments, and ensuring the optimal development of individuals.

    What are the main features of professional skills in pedagogics?

    • Scientific Foundation: Skills are based on research in learning, development, and effective teaching practices.
    • Reflection and Critical Thinking: Educators can reflect on their practice, critically evaluate their work, and continuously develop their knowledge and skills.
    • Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication with students, parents, colleagues, and others is crucial. Collaboration is key to creating optimal learning environments.
    • Diversity Awareness: Recognizing and valuing differences, educators can work effectively with learners from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and needs.
    • Ethics and Professionalism: Educators act in accordance with ethical principles and professional codes of conduct.

    What are the most important sub-areas of professional skills in pedagogics?

    • Instructional Science: Teaching skills, lesson planning, assessment methods, learning processes.
    • Developmental Psychology: Cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children and young people.
    • Educational Sciences: Educational styles, parental involvement, managing challenging behaviors.
    • Classroom Management: Creating safe and stimulating environments, classroom management techniques.
    • Special Education: Supporting learners with special educational needs.

    What are the most important concepts of professional skills in pedagogics?

    • Learning: How people learn in different ways and how to optimize learning processes.
    • Development: The stages of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
    • Education: The principles and practices of effective teaching.
    • Inclusion: Creating learning environments where all students feel welcome, valued, and challenged.

    Who are the most influential figures of professional skills in pedagogics?

    • John Dewey: American philosopher and educator, advocated for experiential learning.
    • Jean Piaget: Swiss psychologist, known for his theory of cognitive development.
    • Lev Vygotsky: Russian psychologist, emphasized the role of social interaction in learning.
    • Paulo Freire: Brazilian educator, proponent of critical pedagogy.
    • Maria Montessori: Italian physician and educator, developer of the Montessori method.

    Why is professional skills in pedagogics important?

    Professional skills in pedagogy are crucial for:

    • Promoting the optimal development of children, young people, and adults.
    • Guiding effective learning processes.
    • Creating safe and stimulating learning environments.
    • Addressing diversity and inclusion.
    • Acting ethically and professionally.

    What are applications of professional skills in pedagogics in practice?

    Pedagogical professionals with strong skills work in diverse settings, including:

    • Schools: Teachers, lecturers, educational support staff.
    • Early Childhood Education: Educators, childcare providers.
    • Youth Work: Youth workers, youth coaches.
    • Special Education: Educational support staff, pedagogues.
    • Other Educational Settings: Trainers, instructional designers, curriculum developers.
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    Study & Intern Abroad

    Organizations: for civil society and social work abroad
    Activities abroad: for languages courses and learning a language

    Activities abroad: for languages courses and learning a language

    Bundled for languages courses and learning a language

    Language courses around the world and abroad

    Language courses around the world and abroad

    Language course around the world and abroad

    Table of content

    Language courses abroad: questions and answers about the courses and locations
    • What is learning a language abroad like?
    • What are the reasons for taking a language course abroad?
    • What skills and motivations do you need when learning a language abroad?
    • What are the best countries and locations to learn a language abroad?
    • What are the risks of doing a language course abroad, and are you insured against those risks?
    Language course abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for language courses.
    • Learning a language: courses in the spotlight.
    Learning Chinese around the world and abroad

    Learning Chinese around the world and abroad

    Learning Chinese around the world and abroad

    Table of content

    Learning Chinese abroad: questions and answers about the language and course locations
    • What is learning Chinese abroad like?
    • What are the reasons for learning Chinese abroad?
    • What skills and motivations do you need when learning Chinese abroad?
    • What are the best countries and locations to learn Chinese abroad?
    • What are the risks of learning Chinese abroad, and are you insured against those risks?
    Learning Chinese abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: to learn Chinese abroad.
    • Learning Chinese: courses in the spotlight.
    Learning German around the world and abroad

    Learning German around the world and abroad

    Learning German around the world and abroad

    Table of content

    Learning German abroad: questions and answers about the courses and locations
    • What is learning German abroad like?
    • What are the reasons for learning German abroad?
    • What skills and motivations do you need when learning German abroad?
    • What are the best countries and locations to learn German abroad?
    • What are the risks of learning German abroad, and are you insured against those risks?
    Learning German abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for learning German.
    • Learning German: courses in the spotlight.
    Learning English around the world and abroad

    Learning English around the world and abroad

    Learn English around the world and abroad

    Learning English abroad: orientation
    • What is an English language course?
    • Why should you learn English and take an English language course abroad?
    • What do you need, or can you do, to learn a language and take a language course abroad?
    • What is the best place to learn English abroad?
    • What are the risks of a language course or a language year abroad?
    • Are you insured for a language course abroad?
    Learning English abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for learning English.
    • Learning English: places in the spotlight.
    Learning French around the world and abroad

    Learning French around the world and abroad

    Table of content

    Learning French abroad: questions and answers about the courses and locations
    • What is learning French abroad like?
    • What are the reasons for learning French abroad?
    • What skills and motivations do you need when learning French abroad?
    • What are the best countries and locations to learn French abroad?
    • What are the risks of learning French abroad, and are you insured against those risks?
    Learning French abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for learning French.
    • Learning French: courses in the spotlight.
    Learning Japanese around the world and abroad

    Learning Japanese around the world and abroad

    Learn Japanese around the world and abroad

    Learning Japanese abroad: orientation
    • What is a Japanese language course?
    • Why should you learn Japanese and take a Japanese language course abroad?
    • What do you need or can you do to learn a language and take a language course abroad?
    • What is the best place to learn Japanese abroad?
    • What are the risks of a language course or a language year abroad?
    • Are you insured for a language course abroad?
    Learning Spanish around the world and abroad

    Learning Spanish around the world and abroad

    Learn Spanish around the world and abroad

    Learning Spanish abroad: orientation
    • What is learning Spanish abroad?
    • At which schools can you learn Spanish abroad?
    • Why learn Spanish abroad?
    • What do you need when you learn Spanish abroad?
    • Where is the best place to go when you want to learn Spanish abroad?
    • To what extent are you insured for the risks while learning Spanish abroad?
    Learning Spanish abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for learning Spanish.
    • Learning Spanish: places in the spotlight.
    Taking a TEFL course for teaching English abroad: what is it, why should you do it and where should you go?

    Taking a TEFL course for teaching English abroad: what is it, why should you do it and where should you go?

    What is a TEFL course for Teaching English abroad as a Foreign Language?

    • TEFL literally means Teaching English as a Foreign Language.In a nutshell, a TEFL course is a training program that gives you the skills and confidence you need to teach English as a foreign language to children and adults.
    • TEFL: The TEFL course is entirely in English and is made up of various modules aimed at developing didactic skills and the methodology of teaching the English language to non-native speakers. With the globally recognized TEFL diploma, you demonstrate the essential skills for an English teacher. Internationally, the demand for English teachers is increasing, and with a TEFL course, you significantly increase your chances of a paid teaching job!

    Why should you take a TEFL course abroad?

    • The TEFL course is a course that trains you, without a background as a teacher, to teach English to children and adults.
    • The course is entirely in English and focuses on developing teaching skills and methods for teaching English to non-native speakers.
    • The demand for English teachers has been growing internationally for years, and a TEFL course will significantly increase your chances of finding a paid teaching job.
    • There is a wide range of course options available, from online courses to intensive practical courses in Spain, Italy, Thailand, or Costa Rica. All courses can be supplemented with short modules for those who want to specialize in grammar and specific target groups.

    Where is the best place to take a TEFL course?

    • Taking the TEFL course in the country or region where you wish to start your teaching career can be very helpful, because the TEFL school generally has a local network for English teacher jobs.
    • Go to Malaga, Spain: take your TEFL course, including job search assistance.
    • Go to Rome, Italy: start working as an English teacher in Italy after your TEFL course.
    • Go to Bangkok, Thailand: Intensive TEFL course with practice hours with real students.
    • Go to Chiang Mai, Thailand: onsite courses on level 3 and level 5, paid internship program available.
    • Go to Costa Rica: Intensive 4-week TEFL course with practice hours with Costa Rican students.
    • The online course can be done at home, but also while traveling the world, as long as there is an internet connection.

    What kind of teaching jobs can you apply for with a TEFL certificate?

    • In non-Western countries paid teacher vacancies are most often found at schools where the parents of the children belong to the richer upper class of society or are stationed in that country as expats. People who speak fluent English are often hired to encourage conversation, rather than to teach grammar. Basic knowledge of English grammar is a big advantage when students come to you with strange questions. There are many non-Western countries where you can teach English, even if English is not your native language. To guarantee the quality of education, a certificate or (TEFL) diploma is increasingly requested.
    • As a voluntary English teacher, most teaching positions are available in less developed countries and rural areas. Teaching materials and educational facilities are often limited.

    What do you get out of teaching or helping at a school with your TEFL certificate abroad?

    • Helpfulness: for rewarding work, you often get as much, or more, back than you put in.
    • Involvement: it strengthens your sense of involvement with a group of children or adults who want to develop their English or need help.
    • Experience: you are pulled out of your comfort zone and experience all kinds of things every day.
    • Creativity: you can really use your creativity when creating or using teaching materials or lesson content.
    • Empathy: you train yourself to immerse yourself not only in another culture but also in the thought processes of your students.
    • Income: when you teach English abroad, you can often earn enough to pay for your stay. If you have been able to get one of the better positions, you can usually live well on it or save something to be able to travel further afterward.
    • Flexibility: you strengthen your ability to flexibly look for solutions for situations that suddenly arise.

    What do you need or can you learn after getting your TEFL certificate and you teach or work in the education sector abroad?

    • Being aware of your surroundings: wherever you teach, you will always have to take your surroundings into account. Every country has its own rules and customs that you will have to adhere to to a certain extent.
    • Being aware of the organization: every school or educational institution also has its own way of looking at education or teaching. Here too, you will have to take more account. Just like with the limitations/challenges that some schools have due to a lack of money or facilities.
    • Communication skills: knowledge of the local language makes your work a lot easier and of better quality.
    • Being able to be convincing: when you teach, you will learn how to deal with students and different kinds of teaching styles. What works and doesn't work to be convincing. 
    • Being able to plan: teaching asks you to plan ahead to be able to get the most and best learning experience for the students.
    • Being able to radiate self-confidence: as a teacher, being confident helps you to be taken seriously by the students; not only feel it, but also resonate it, so you are authentic.
    Teaching English around the world and abroad

    Teaching English around the world and abroad

    Teaching English around the world and abroad

    Teaching English abroad: orientation
    • What is teaching English abroad?
    • Why should you teach English and be an English language teacher abroad?
    • What do you need, or can you do, to teach English abroad?
    • What is the best place to teach English abroad?
    • What are the risks of teaching English abroad?
    • Are you insured when you teach English abroad?
    Teaching English abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for teaching English.
    • Teaching English: places in the spotlight.
    Teaching Spanish around the world and abroad

    Teaching Spanish around the world and abroad

    Teach Spanish around the world and abroad

    Teaching Spanish abroad: orientation
    • What are the requirements to become a Spanish teacher abroad?
    • At which schools can you teach Spanish abroad as a foreigner or as a (non)native speaker?
    • What do you get out of teaching or helping at a school abroad?
    • What do you need or can you learn if you teach or work in the education sector abroad?
    • Where is the best place to go when you want to teach Spanish abroad?
    • To what extent are you insured for the risks while teaching abroad?
    Teaching Spanish abroad: related organizations
    • Organizations: for teaching Spanish.
    • Teaching Spanish: places in the spotlight.
    What is insurance for studying abroad, and why should you take out specialized travel insurance for your education abroad?

    What is insurance for studying abroad?

    • Insurance for studying abroad means that you take out insurance that continues to provide coverage during your studies, your education, and your related activities abroad.
    • Insurance for studying abroad is also referred to as study insurance. This study insurance is specifically for when you go abroad for a long period of time to take courses, study, or conduct research abroad.

    Why should you take out specialized travel insurance for a study abroad?

    • Study insurance is specifically designed for studying abroad, whereas regular travel insurance policies may offer coverage on paper but handle this situation differently in practice.
    • Study insurance offers coverage for longer stays than regular (vacation) travel insurance.
    • Study insurance is also suitable for many types of activities, ranging from various sports to hiking at high altitudes.
    • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if you start working during your trip, whether planned or unplanned. If you have not taken out insurance before departure that allows you to work, there is no guarantee that you will be able to take out insurance abroad that provides coverage.
    • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if your own country's health insurance no longer provides coverage.
    • Student insurance also covers your healthcare costs above the rates in your own country; with regular insurance, you have to pay the extra costs yourself.
    • Student insurance can also continue to provide coverage if (study) visa issuers impose additional requirements on how you insure yourself, for example if you are going to the US and applying for a J-1 visa.
    • Student insurance continues to provide coverage if you are staying abroad for a longer period of time and want to visit your own country in between.

    What is important to insure when you are going to study abroad?

    • That you have insurance that is valid in the country or countries where you are going to travel and work.
    • That you are adequately insured for the sports and activities you are going to participate in during your period abroad
    • That you are insured for emergency assistance and early return if something happens to you or your immediate family.
    • That your medical expenses are insured up to the actual cost and not just for the standard costs. The costs per medical treatment vary greatly between countries.
    • That you insure your luggage and take sufficient precautions against theft or damage.
    • That you are well insured against personal liability.
    • That you are well insured in case of accidents.
    • That you only insure yourself for legal assistance if there is an immediate reason to do so, unless coverage is already automatically included in the insurance.
    • That you pay close attention to choosing the right coverage when performing work alongside your studies.

    Check out more about international insurances

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    Learning languages abroad and speaking foreign languages: blogs and contributions of WorldSupporters - Bundle

    Learning languages abroad and speaking foreign languages: blogs and contributions of WorldSupporters - Bundle

    Blogs and contributions of WorldSupporters about learning languages abroad and speaking foreign languages

     

    How does recognizing, understanding and speaking of language work? - Chapter 10

    How does recognizing, understanding and speaking of language work? - Chapter 10

    For cognitive psychologists, one of the most intriguing human abilities is the ability to use language. Steven Pinker (1994) described this as follows:  'Simply by making noises with our mouths, we can reliably cause precise new combinations of ideas to arise in each other's minds'. The question that arises is which cognitive processes are involved in the ability to use language. Many cognitive psychologists state that language skills cannot simply be understood in terms of memory, reasoning, and other cognitive processes; they argue that language ability is based on a relatively autonomous set of capabilities that function primarily independently of other cognitive processes. How the language system works has become especially clear by studying patients with language disorders. Some important concepts when it comes to language are:

    • Speech is the spoken form of language. It is a way to convey linguistic information with the human voice;

    • Syntax is about the grammatical rules of a language. These rules determine the way words can be combined. It is independent of the meaning of the sentence;

    • Writing is a visual system to display the language. There are various writing systems, such as alphabetical, syllabic or ideographic / logographic.

    What does the language system consist of?

    A question that concerns psychologists is which processes are involved in:

    • Understanding language (speech and reading);

    • The production of language (talking and writing).

    Linguistics has provided insights into the different levels of language, and the systematic and rule-led way it works. The following levels can be distinguished):

    • Phonetics - the sounds of speech.

    • Phonology - the sound system of a certain language.

    • Morphology - word formation.

    • Syntax - the combination of words into sentences.

    • Semantics - the meaning of words and sentences.

    • Reason (discourse) - which goes beyond individual sentences (stories, conversations, etc.).

    Speech sounds

    The field of phonetics studies the process of articulation of speech and the physical properties of speech such as sound waves. A phoneme is a term that expresses the smallest unit of sound that can make a difference in meaning. Phonemes can be combined to form words; every language has its own rules for this.

    Visual language

    Sign language is a visual language that mostly people who are deaf use. In

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    How to Learn a Foreign Language Without Leaving Your Bed

    How to Learn a Foreign Language Without Leaving Your Bed

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    Learning a foreign language can be quite challenging and exciting at the same time. But what can be more exciting and fun? Laying in your bed all day doing absolutely nothing. It’s heaven!

    The amount of enjoyment derived from a certain activity always has to be equal to or greater than the amount of enjoyment I get from never leaving my bed. If it does not, I will inevitably struggle to do that thing with the enthusiasm it deserves.

    Let’s also add the fact that learning a foreign language will make you seem sophisticated and smart. You can also add that to your Tinder bio and get matches instantly. People like smart.

    Now, let me tell you a few tips and tricks on how to learn a new language effectively and easily; from experience.

    I’ve been learning Spanish for the past four months. Why Spanish you ask? Well, learning Spanish has always been on my bucket list and the grammar is somewhat similar to English which makes it easier.

    Moving on, here are a few tips and tricks:

    • Watch Shows/Videos in your target foreign language

    There are a plenty of videos online especially in YouTube that has films and clips of a certain language and sometimes, they also have subtitles to provide translations for people who don’t speak it (yet).

    • Duolingo

    Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. It's 100% free, fun and science-based. 

    It also offers a variety of languages that you can choose from plus, you can get help from the community when you’re having trouble with a certain part of the language such as grammar and slang. Duolingo can be downloaded on any smartphone and be used on any computer browser.

    • Listen to songs

    Now this is another effective way to immerse oneself in the language. This is the fun part in language learning. You get to explore different genres in music and discover music artists. Who knows? One foreign song could be your life’s anthem?

    • Read

    While I was (and still am) learning Spanish, I used to (and still do) read children’s books because they’re generally a lot easier to read and understand. The words are simple and the pictures that come with it are too cute to ignore! Eventually, you’ll want to up your reading skills and proceed to kids’ novels and the like.

    • Travel (Optional)

    If budget permits, why not travel to the country where the language you’re learning is spoken? It would be really helpful and you can get to hear the locals speak real time and possibly pick up their accent along the way; plus, vacation anyone?

    Hopefully, these tips and tricks would make language learning easier. Now, get some chips and climb on to your bed and get ready to learn a language!

     

     

     

     

    Language café Oslo

    Language café Oslo

    Language café

    Language café

    How cool would it be to get to know people and learn a new language at the same time? 

    The University of Oslo makes this possible, you just need to come to the Language café and the rest will follow! Especially if you are new student at the University of Oslo you need to come to brush up on your language skills.

    It doesn't matter what your level is, you can talk to each other in an informal and relaxed setting. Registration is not necessary, but it is desirable to let know in which language you are interested. You can also contribute to the café as a language leader by guiding the conversations and answering simple questions about the language. 

    This language café will be hold in “Lille Scene & Litteratursalongen” in the basement floor of The Humanities and Social Sciences Library (Georg Sverdrups hus).

    More information can be found on this website: Language café of Oslo

    Time and place: May 5, 2022 5:00 PM-7:00 PM

    Learn different language!

    Learn different language!

    Education Category: Language
    Ages:

    It' s nice to learn a different language. Learn Dutch! 

     

    Hello, my name is ...       Hallo, ik heet ...

    How are you?                 Hoe gaat het met je?

    I' m fine, thanks.            Het gaat goed. 

    How old are you?            Hoe oud ben je?    

    What about hobbies?      Wat zijn je hobby' s?

    Do you like it here?         Vindt je het leuk hier?

    Yes, it' s very nice!          Ja, het is erg leuk!       

    Ways to Improve your Vocabulary

    Ways to Improve your Vocabulary

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    For all those who want to improve their English skills, it is important to expand your vocabulary. This will make it easier for you to have a conversation, understand others, and to improve your writing skills. Even for advanced speakers of English, it is important to update your vocabulary every once in a while, since that is a way of expanding your knowledge of the language. Below, I will list a few ways and tips to do so.

    1. While watching your favourite TV shows and/or films, have a notebook within reach to write down words that are new to you. You only have to write down the words while you are watching said show or film. After you are done watching this, you  should look up all the words and write down their meanings, and an example sentence if you want. By writing these words down you are already unconsciously learning them.
    2. Test yourself! You could do this by using the words you have been writing down while watching something. You could write the words on flashcards with the meaning on the back or fill them in on a website. You could also practice and test your vocabulary skills on websites, here is a link to an article that lists 16 useful sites https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2013/02/16-websites-to-teach-and-learn.html. On the websites you can find words that are useful to know, and these websites offer different techniques to learn them. Try to find one or two that are useful for you.
    3. Try to avoid (over)using the word "very". When you want to express yourself and want to emphasise a word, it is very easy (see what I did there?) to use the word very in a way to emphasise the word. Try learning words that will help you avoid overusing the word "very". Websites that list some of these words that I, personally, find effective are https://kathysteinemann.com/Musings/how-to-avoid-very-in-writing/, https://www.proofreadingservices.com/pages/very, and https://www.globifylanguages.com/english-words-instead-very/. By avoiding this, you will not only learn new words, but will also come across knowledgeable and more articulate. It will definitely improve your speaking and writing skills, at the least.
    4. Look up words that you think you will need. Meaning, that you should think about the area in which you use English the most, e.g. work space, university, friends, etc. Try looking up words that you will actually use in your everyday situations. This way, you can also practice using them straight away. It will help you remember them more clearly, and this will show you when it is most useful to use them or when not to.
    5. Watch documentaries! It is informative and will help you learn many words about a specific topic in an interesting way. Watch documentaries that you find interesting or that might be convenient for you to know. You can find quite some documentaries on YouTube, Netflix, or other streaming sites. This will help you improve your vocabulary, listening skills, and knowledge.
    6. Listen to podcasts that you find interesting. This one is similar to the last tip, but one significant difference is that you can listen to podcasts everywhere you go. When you have to wait for your train, while you are driving to work, while jogging in the park etc. Podcasts are a simple way to learn more about certain topics and while doing so, improving your vocabulary and listening skills massively.

    Hopefully (some of) these tips will be useful for you! These are just some interesting and fun ways to improve and spice up your vocabulary. By doing this you will be so much more confident when having a conversation or writing a paper.

    Whats in a language? - Ano ang tagalog? I

    Whats in a language? - Ano ang tagalog? I

    What is in a language? So interesting after 5 years through studying intensive tagalog (filipino) I learn, more and more, deeper and deeper. My guro’s/maestro’s/titsers say (a lot) they explained me pasok, to enter, pumasok ka, you enter. Pasok by itself is not good, because who is entering? Who else is behind the fence hiding, waiting to be fed as well? So in dutch we would ask, where to enter, front door, backdoor, kitchen door? In tagalog it is understood, where you enter. Wondering where it is coming from….?

    What is language? - Chapter 11

    What is language? - Chapter 11

    What is the anatomy of language and language deficits?

    Of all the higher functions that human possess, language is perhaps the most specialized and refined, and it may well be what most clearly distinguishes us from other species. Language input can be auditory or visual, so both of the sensory and perceptual systems are involved with language comprehension. Split-brain patients, as well as patient with lateralized, focal brain lesions have taught us that a great deal of language processing is lateralized to the left-hemisphere regions surrounding the Sylvian fissure. The language areas of the left hemisphere include Wernicke's area and Broca's area. These brain areas and their interconnections via white matter tracts form the left perisylvian language network. 

    Before neuroimaging, most of what was discerned about the neural bases of language processing came from studying patients who had brain lesions that resulted in various types of aphasia. Aphasia is a broad term referring to the collective deficits in language comprehension and production that accompany neurological damage. Aphasia may also be accompanied by speech problems caused by the loss of control over articulatory muscles, known as dysarthia, and deficits in the motor planning of articulations, apraxia. There is also a form of aphasia were the patient is unable to name objects, this is called anomia. 

    Broca's aphasia

    Broca's aphasia is the oldest and perhaps the most-studied form of aphasia. Broca observed by patient Leborgne that he had a brain lesion in the posterior portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus, now referred to as Broca's area. In the most severe form of Broca's aphasia, singleutterance patterns of speech are often observed. The speech of patients with Broca's aphasia is often telegraphic (containing only content words and leaving out the function words that have only grammatical significance, such as prepositions and articles). Broca's aphasia patients are often aware of their errors and have a low tolerance for frustration. Broca's aphasia patients also have a comprehension deficit related to the syntax, the rules governing how words have to be put together in a sentence. Often only the most basic and overlearned grammatical forms are produced and comprehended - this is known as agrammatic aphasia. 

    Wernicke's aphasia

    Wernicke's aphasia is a disorder primarily of language comprehension: patients with this syndrome have difficulty understanding spoken or written language and can sometimes not understand language at all. Their speech is fluently with normal prosody and grammar, but what they say is often nonsensical. Wernicke performed autopsies with his patients and came to the core of the

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    Basic language activity

    Basic language activity

    Education Category: Language
    Ages:

    Basic language learning activities

    There are many fun and instructive activities for children that can be used to develop basic language skills and teach them to be attentive.
    Small children need to move a lot and lively activities with a specific learning goal are a healthy and fun way to keep them in motion under a teacher's guidance.
    Learning to cool down and focus on a task that requires attention is also an important switch and essential for their development in the preceding learning stages.

    Lively activities:

    Roll the ball:

    Age: All
    Time: 5 minutes
    Language aims: question and answer
    Other aims: motor skills, eye-hand co-ordination
    Description: children by rolling a ball to each other, ask and answer questions.
    Materials: A small ball (such as a tennis ball).

    Preparation: Choose which question and answers you want to practice.  Spend one or two minutes teaching and exercising.

    In class:
    1. Children sit down in a circle.
    2. Roll the ball to one of the kids and ask a question that you'd like to exercise (for example: questions starting with 'Wh' in English .  'What's your name?  What color is the ball ?...' etc.
    3. Let them reply the question and roll the ball to another one
    4. Encourage them to start a conversation together: example: The one who rolls the ball asks a question, the one that holds the ball replies the question etc.
    7. When one of them answers,let him roll the ball and ask a new(or same) question etc.

    This might seem a bit laborious but once the children get the idea they will see it as a game and have fun while learning.
    Older children can throw and catch a ball instead of rolling the ball!

    Pass the ball:

    Age: All
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Language aims: whatever language you want to practice.
    For example: children could practice saying:  
    My name is  ... Or I'm four years old, colors, names of the animals or instruct them using imperative verbs such as 'Run around the circle' or Touch your toes...' etc.
    Other aims: use music and movement to language
    Description: The children pass a ball while the music is playing. When music stops, they practice the target language.
    Materials: A music player, some lively music, a small ball.

    In class:
    1. Children sit in a circle
    2. Pass the ball to each other while the music is playing
    3. When the music stops they also stop and you can start a conversation with the child holding the ball such as: ' My name's Pedro , what is your name? '
    4. Encourage the chat by thanking.
    5. Repeat the activity

    If you have a large class, only few children will get a chance to rehearse but they also do so mentally in case they would be holding the ball.
    The excitement of the game will involve them all.

    Variation: Put pictures to  words using cards in a box or a bag. They pass this round while the music is playing. When the music stops, they take out a picture and say what it is.

    Go find:

    Age: All
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Language aims: follow instructions, practice vocabulary, introduce a useful chapter in learning a language
    Description: The teacher defines and children try to find the correct picture.
    Materials: Pictures of vocabulary items you want to practice.

    Preparation: Cut out or draw large pictures of the vocabulary you want to practice and stick these on the wall.

    In class:
    1. Walk to the first picture and teach the word then let them repeat.
    2. Do the same with other pictures.
    3. You can instruct by calling one of the children :
    Calling : 'Andreas, come here, please '
    When Andreas arrives you can mime or instruct 'Go to the bus '.
    If he performs the right way show your appreciation by exclamations and thanking 'Well done! Great! Thanks you!'
    If he is not sure, Help him by giving hints, mimicking and of course  you can hold his hand and take him to the bus.
    4. Repeat the procedure with other children.

    Older children may like a competitive element. You could call out two children and give them both an instruction, for example: Andreas, go and find a bus and Mohammed, go and find a plane. The first one to get there is the winner.

    Fetch:

    Age: All
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Language aims: to follow instructions, to revise vocabulary
    Description: The children listen to instructions and fetch the correct item.
    Materials: Some objects or pictures of vocabulary you have already introduced in a previous lesson.

    In class:
    1. Show the children the objects or pictures and practice the vocabulary.
    2. Spread the things and pictures on the floor.
    3. Call out one of the children and request them to do some tasks according to your instruct :
    'Marta~ could you fetch me a rabbit~ please?' If she has difficulty understanding, go with her to pick up the rabbit image and then let her to fetch it for you.
    4. Continue in the same way, getting different children fetch things.

    Follow-up:
    1 Place objects or pictures in different places around the room before the children come in.
    2 Get the children go and fetch pictures and objects according to your instructions.

    Point at:

    Age: All
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Aims: Language: follow instructions, practice vocabulary.
    Description: Children find and point at the correct picture.
    Materials: Images of the vocabulary you will practice

    In class:
    1. Show the children the pictures and teach or revise the words then stick the pictures on a board.
    2. Then ask them who can point at a tree image on the board. Help them when they have difficulty by giving hints or by pointing at the correct image.
    3. Rearrange the images and repeat the exercise.

    Drawing on the board:

    Age: 4,5,6
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Aims: Language: practicing names of the body
    Description: Children draw on the board following the teacher's instructions.
    Materials: Board and chalk or board-pen.

    In class:
    1.  Draw a head , body together with children.
    2. Everyone adds something to the image.
    3. Invite different children to add different features until the drawing is completed.

    Children love being allowed to draw on the board using the teacher's chalk or board-pen.

    Variation: draw on a sheet of paper at the same time and pass on their drawings, and combine them to a body by naming the parts.

    Simon says:

    Age: All
    Time: 5 minutes
    Aims: Language: listening, following instructions, parts of the body, classroom vocabulary
    Description: The children listen and carry out the instructions only when 'Simon' tells them to'

    In class:
    1. Explain to the class that you are going to give them a set of instructions but they must only apply when you say 'Simon says'.
    (You can change this to fit any current popular characters such as 'Robocop says!')
    2.  Explain the instructions by performing these yourself at first:
    Simon says touch your nose.
    Simon says touch the fioor.
    Simon says stand on one leg.

    Then let them apply the same

    Be sure they touch the nose when you say ' Simon says Touch your nose' only and not when you'd say ' Touch your nose' just!

    3. If you have a child who is very confident and speaks well, you could let her/him give some of the instructions.

    Calming activities:

    These activities encourage the children to put their attention on a task, work quietly and independently, develop cognitive skills and visual recognition, prepare them to Primary School.

    Recognition:

    Age:  4, 5
    Time: 5-10 minutes
    Language Aims: learn to follow instructions, practice vocabulary
    Other aims: visual recognition
    Description: Children select an object in a picture following the teacher's instructions.
    Materials: Crayons

    Preparation: Draw some objects on a sheet of paper. Make one copy for each child. And introduce names od basic geometrical figures.

    In class:
    1. Draw some animals on the board, for example: a snake, a sheep, a bird, a cat.
    2. You can then tell the class 'Let's draw a circle around the cat , a triangle around the bird, a square around the dog etc. '
    3. Ask the class who would like to draw shapes around the animals.
    4. Invite different children to draw different shapes.
    5. Hand out worksheets and tell the children to draw a circle around the fish and continue by coloring

    With older children you can say, for example, Color the snake in green, Color the bird in brown, and so on.

    Activities for language learning

    Warmers & Finishers

    Information about warmers & finishers:

    Warmers:
    Warmers are often class activities with the children focused on the teacher, the board, or flashcards.
    They may be simple activities, games which need minor explanation, they are short, easy and usually familiar to the children.
    This means that all the children can perform the activity easily and start the lesson on a positive note.
    Warmers help the children make a transition from their previous classes to the English class, allow them to make use of their knowledge skills, create connections between one class to the next one and usually by recalling they can add  previous learnings to actual the topic of the lesson. They can also be a useful informal assessment instruments for the teacher to measure the level of the children and modify the  lesson if necessary .

    Finishers:
    Finishers mark the end of the lesson: they may well draw the threads of the lesson together, often by using a different context or medium which allows the children to transfer their learnings. Finishers do not introduce anything new but consolidate the material that has already been covered.  It is essential to review learnings at the end of a lesson and this can be done by asking questions that can reflect on the 'how's rather than the 'what's of a lesson.
    It is more difficult to define activities suitable for finishers. You may wish to end your class quietly and thoughtfully in which case a finisher will probably be a written activity done individually which requires the children to apply what they have been learning in some way or you may feel that the children have been working intensely and need something that enables them to let off steam, so you can finish with a whole class activity like a game or a song. Like warmers. A finisher can allow a teacher to asses how much of the material covered has been absorbed and what needs to be revised and recycled.

    Some ideas for warmers:

    Find the pair:
    Stick some flashcards in a row on the board and some word cards in a row underneath them. Number each card. Ask a child to name two numbers and turn the corresponding card over. If they match, the child keeps them and gets another turn. If they don't another child can call out two more numbers.

    The numbers dance:
    Prepare flashcards using the numbers from zero to nine so that each child in the class gets one / or a set.
    Set a lively music and let them move/ dance and form groups of 2(easier)
    when the music stops Let them show their numbers and name them.

    As an advanced exercises they can combine two numbers and name the numbers of tenths (group of 2) , hundredths (group of 3),  order the numbers etc.

    Some ideas for finishers:

    Conduct a chant:
    Teach the children these gestures: hands together for slow. hands apart for fast, hands down for quiet and hands up for loud. Ask for a volunteer to conduct a chant that the class already knows.

    Classify words:
    Prepare a worksheet with a mixture of words (pictures of words) on it - they can be about different topics and be performed by different age groups: You can use the exercise to practice adjectives, nouns, verbs etc.  Challenge the children to categorize groups by using different shapes, colors .

     

    Understanding other cultures abroad and around: blogs en contributions of WorldSupporters

    Understanding other cultures abroad and around: blogs en contributions of WorldSupporters

    Blogs en contributions of WorldSupporters about understanding other cultures abroad and around

    How to live and stay in the Philippines?

    How to live and stay in the Philippines?

    Orientation on living in the Philippines

    How to orient yourself with the islands of the Philippines?

    • The Philippines consists of 7.107 islands, of which only a part is inhabited. The total amount of islands is ever changing, depending on the tides.
    • Whilst orientating on living and working in the Philippines you should be careful with using generalisations. It is important to mention that in the Philippine Choice Indexes you will find are simplifications of the diverse reality that is the Philippines.

    How many foreigners are living in the Philippines?

    • Around 180.000 foreigners are living in the Philippines, students and tourists are excluded.
    • The largest percentage of foreigners is from the United States.
    • The Philippines is also a popular destination for people from China, Japan, India and Canada.

    What important factors help you in choosing for a long stay or emigration to the Philippines?

    Why choose the Philippines?

    • In most parts of the Philippines the people are able to speak English. An English speaking local population makes life easier.
    • The Filipino hospitality provides foreigners with a warm welcome and stay.
    • Convenient visa arrangements, where people above 50 are eligible for the Special Residents Retirees Visa (SRRV) of the Philippine Retirement Authorities (PRA) Program.
    • Diversity of the country; with many pristine nature locations.
    • Affordable living.
    • Nearby other easy to reach vacation destinations (For example: Japan, Korea, Hong Kong). It is very affordable to do a city trip on the weekends in one of these countries.

    "The best thing about the Philippines is the people. I have never encountered a more optimistic group in all of my life. They help one another when they are in trouble. Families are close. For the most part, the people are not driven by what brands they wear or type of car they drive".

    Philippines expat

    Factors to not consider living in the Philippines

    • You need a lot of time and patience to get around and to arrange things.
    • Communication is tentatively indirect and with a smile, which can be difficult at times when challenges arise.
    • The temperatures can get really high, in the dry season it can rise up to over 40 degrees Celsius.
    • There is a rainy season with typhoons, during these times it rains a lot and flooding can occur.
    • When residing in Metro Manila, you will have to deal with a lot of traffic (jams).

    How do you form an image of the Philippines as a destination for living and working?

    Tips for reading

    • Culture Shock! Philippines (Culture Shock! A Survival Guide to Customs & Etiquette) written by Alfredo Roces. The book gives a good explanation of the culture shock and what to expect when living in the Philippines.
    • Handbook Philippines written by Niklas Reese and Rainer Werning. This book gives a good oversight of the history and influences on the contemporary Filipino culture.

    Tips for watching

    • To get a broader idea of the Filipino life, we recommend watching the BBC documentary: Toughest place to be... (a jeepney driver). An inspiring story about the everyday life of a jeepney driver in Metro Manila.

    Orientation on working in the Philippines

    How can you orient yourself to work and/or start a business in the Philippines?

    • Salary wise it is advisable to work as an expat in the Philippines, instead of working for under a local contract for a (local) company. The minimum wage in the Philippines in Metro Manila is around 600 php per day, around 13.000 php per month. Office jobs (white collar jobs) pay around 30.000 php per month and managerial functions can pay double or even more.
    • You are required to have a Non-Immigrant Visa for pre-arranged Employment when working in the Philippines. In that case the employer should get the work permit and help you with your Visa Application. 

    What are sectors to consider when searching for a job in the Philippines?

    • Nowadays, there are many job opportunities in the Philippines for foreigners, for example in call center industry or the import/export sector.
    • New businesses that are established in those sectors are looking to hire international expats.
    • With this, the demand for bilingual employees is on the rise.
    • The Netherlands is an important trading partner for the Philippines: The Netherlands is a very important (a lot of recent years "the first") export destination for the Philippines in Europe. If you have sufficient knowledge of European & Dutch markets, your job search position will improve!
    • Officially, more than 100 Dutch companies are being represented in the Philippines; probably a lot more via informal ways. Yearly, more and more Dutch companies make plans to start investing in the Philippines.

    How is professional recognition and diploma legalisation arranged in the Philippines?

    • Attained professional certifications and diplomas are not automatically valid in the Philippines.
    • Certain professions for example in the fields of nursing and medicine require specific certification by local authorities.
    • Employers may require original or notarized copies of diplomas. Always bring these with you when you travel to the Philippines for work.
    • The application for a work visa and other legal documents is made easier when you bring your official documents and diplomas. A copy or scan will not suffice in most cases.

    What are good sources for finding job vacancies in the Philippines?

    • When looking for jobs in the Philippines it is advised to use your personal or other networks (ask around), as it is the easiest and most reliable way to find a job.

    What are important factors to consider when applying in the Philippines?

    • Applying for a job is considered a very formal occasion in the Philippines.
    • Looks are important, so always make sure you look professional when going in for an interview.
    • Having a good network is very important as well. Using connections is usually the best way to get an invitation or interview when applying to jobs.
    • If you are looking for a new job, inform as many of your friends, acquaintances, and colleagues of whom you'd think could help with your search for a job in the Philippines.
    • Make sure the employer will take care of- or at least help with your work visa application. Be wary of companies that insist it is your responsibility to take care of the work visa; it is practically impossible to attain a work visa all by yourself.
    • As commuting can be problematic -especially in metro Manila and Cebu- make sure to take the office's location into consideration when applying for jobs.

    What are specific CV requirements when applying for jobs in the Philippines?

    • When submitting your CV make sure that all information can be verified. Employers in the Philippines have the tendency to rigorously verify diplomas and references.
    • When submitting a resume the outlook should be professional, make sure your ID-picture is professional as well (a tie is required).
    • Follow international standards in regards to writing your CV, these apply to the Philippine setting as well.

    Orientation on starting a business or doing business in the Philippines 

    What are sectors to consider when starting a business in the Philippines?

    • Economic prospects are looking good for the Philippines; forecasts show that the Philippine economy eventually will become bigger than their neighbours; Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia.
    • Macro-economic fundamentals are becoming stronger and stronger and the Philippines' business environment is being improved constantly to increase the country's competitiveness.
    • Still; the inequitable distribution of wealth and the low level of social development of large parts of the population are continuous matters of concern.
    • Opportunities abound for investors targeting the following sectors: business process outsourcing, electronics, agriculture, renewable energy, infrastructure, and shipbuilding.

    What are important factors to consider for start-ups in the Philippines?

    • A lot of factors need to be considered when setting up your own company in the Philippines: What papers and licenses are required, how to find reliable business partners, etc.
    • If you want to do business in the Philippines the first things you need to do is incorporate and register your company.
    • This follows a bureaucratic system that can easily take over a month to complete.
    • Ask for an expert that is experienced with starting up a business in the Philippines, this will reduce a lot of hassle.
    • Social media plays an important role in the Philippines -especially Facebook- it is a good place to market your business.
    • Be wary of excessive fees for accountants, registrations, and other things. Consult others with experience when you are unsure about the appropriateness of fees.
    • When starting up a business it is important to find out what bank is best for you. An international bank might be a good idea.
    • If you need to import goods into the Philippines, check port and airport regulations. The regulations and fees for import in the Philippines differ from other countries.

    What company types are most commonly used by foreign companies in the Philippines?

    • Most foreigners have a single-proprietorship or corpated business where 60% of the company is owned by a Filipino passport holder.
    • IT is a popular sector to invest or start up a company. Multinationals rely on the Philippines when it comes to outsourcing customer service. This sector is on the rise due to low wages and high proficiency in English.
    • Retail and catering are also popular sectors in which foreigners are activily doing business in the Philippines.

    How do you find reliable business partners in the Philippines?

    • Research who you know in the specific sector you want to become active in.
    • Using your network is another good way to meet people.
    • There are several conferences on international business in the Philippines; here you can find business partners that are looking to cooperate with international businesses.

    What compliances are needed in regards to accounting in the Philippines?

    • Accounting requires is a lot of paper work so it is advised to hire an accountant and/or bookkeeper, especially for bigger companies.
    • A local accountant can be a great help as they are aware of how things are done in the Philippines. Foreigners tend to have a harder time as compared to locals. A Filipino helping hand is a great addition to your company.
    • If you decide to incorporate your company you will have to put at least 60% in the name of a Philippine citizen. Make sure that you either fully trust this person or make up a contract that states that they are not allowed to make any decisions in regards to the company. Make sure that you protect yourself from malice and miscommunication, a shareholder agreement can help with this.

    How does the sales tax system work in the Philippines?

    • Foreign corporations are only taxable on income derived from sources within the Philippines.
    • Of course, if applicable: Check your individual agreements with e.g. Dutch tax law.
    • A 12% value added tax (VAT) of the gross selling price is imposed to all importation, sale, barter, exchange or lease of goods or properties and sale of services.

    What are important factors to consider in regards to the contract of employment in the Philippines?

    As a business owner you have the option to offer people an agreement or a contract. An agreement is not an official work contract. This lets you pay the expenses of the person you made the agreement with for up to a certain amount of pesos per day. Common examples for this type of agreement are volunteers, interns or parttime helpers. You can pay a certain amount per day for their expenses (meals, transport, etc.), but you have to remember to keep the receipts as proof. 

    When offering an official work contract you have to consider a lot more requirements.

    • Your company/organisation has to register with the following institutions:
      • Social Security System (SSS)
        • SSS provides employees with social benefits. Financial contribution is required by the employer as well as the employee.
      • PhilHealth
        • Employers are required to register their staff for PhilHealth so they can provide their employees with Social Health Insurance.
      • Pag-IBIG
        • Employers are required to register their staff for Pag-IBIG so they can provide their employees with financial help for home ownership (mortgage).

    General information in regards to employing people:

    • The Philippines has a lot of official non-working holidays. Check your calendar regularly to be up-to-date with these holidays. Always make clear to the staff on what days they are required to work and what days they aren't.
    • When the company has less than 20 employees extra pay for holidays and overtime is not required.
    • Minimum wage is around 500 pesos per day in the North Capital Region (NCR). Other regions have their own rules in regards to minimum wage.
    • When coming up with a contract or agreement you can find specific templates for the Philippines on the internet.
    • General considerations of employment contracts apply to the Philippines as well.
    • For international employees extra factors need to be considered:
      • Visa Arrangements.
      • Arrangement of accommodation.
      • If accommodation is provided what are regulations for spouses.
      • Escape clause in regards to leaving the country.

    What are important factors to consider when taking over a company in the Philippines?

    • See above, all requirements should be taken care of.
    • Check outstanding issues or requirements that the company has not been able to follow, so there won't be any issues in the future.

    Orientation regarding education in the Philippines

    How does the education system work in the Philippines?

    The Philippines is following a Kindergarten to Grade 12 program, which covers 13 years of basic education with the following key stages:

    • Kindergarten to Grade 3.
    • Grades 4 to 6.
    • Grades 7 to 10 (Junior High School).
    • Grades 11 and 12 (Senior High School).
    • Tertiary education: after graduating from high school, students are encouraged to go to college or university as most entry level jobs require a college degree. The Philippines has over 1,000 universities and colleges.
    • International schools: In the major cities you can find schools that identify themselves as 'International'. This means classes are taught in English, although primary and high schools are still required to follow the local curriculum. International colleges and universities offer diplomas and curricula from universities in the west (most common are UK and USA). These schools generally offer high quality education. The international schools are very expensive; tuition fees are equal to or sometimes higher than European and American fees.   
    • Dutch, chinese, german or spanish lessons can be arranged with private tutors. 

    What should you pay attention to when choosing a school in the Philippines?

    • There is a large diversity of opportunities when arranging education in the Philippines, whether it be for your children or yourself.
    • International schools can be found all over the Philippines, managed by different people with different backgrounds. Check certification and school evaluations as quality between schools can differ significantly.
    • Private schools are available and vary in price; the most expensive schools can ask yearly tuition fees of over 300,000 php. Most colleges that are considered to be of good quality are in a price range of 80,000-200,000 php per year.
    • When choosing a school or college it is very important to look at the school’s reputation. As there are over 1,000 colleges in the Philippines it is important to pick the right school for you. Applying for a job after graduating can be a taxing endeavor but with a degree from University of the Philippines, La Salle, Ateneo, or University of Santa Tomas the process will be much smoother. Some companies only hire student from the well-known schools.
    Nepali Culture

    Nepali Culture

    Image

    The special culture events I have joined during my volunteerwork. 

    A majoring party of 2 boys: when the boys are between a age of 5 and 9 they get a majoring party, most of the time with their brothers but sometimes also with sons of friends from their parents. Before the party they have to go through rituals like saving their head. During the party the boys are sitting on a throne like little princes, everybody is come to them to give them presents and congratulate them. The rest of the party means a lot of food, the appetizer was like a main course for me but they expect you to eat a main course as well so I had that as well. You never eat enough in Nepal is what they told me. There is also a dancefloor and the second you step off that dancefloor you stop dancing. Only specific on the dancefloor people dance. The music that they play is not for little boys or older people but modern music for the youth which I think is really special. When we give a party for our younger children we play the music they like.

    A wedding party: Wedding’s are so different in Nepal then in the Netherlands (and Europe). The weddings in Nepal take several days. The first day is the engagement which is already special because in Europe the engagement is months before the wedding. After that you have a party for only the woman who is going to get married, for all her friends and relatives. This is where I went. It’s not a small party but really all the people they know are invited. At this party there where around 500 people. The future bride is also sitting on a throne here and she is dressed in red with a lot of golden jewellery. She gets presents from everyone who is coming to the party. The most weirdest was that her husband is not invited to this party. Or actually now that I think about it, in Europe we have a bachelor party but that’s meant to be a party where you say goodbye to your wild life before you get married. The party from the future Nepali wife is actually eating a lot of food and after that you are able to drink and dance. All the Nepali party’s end around 10 o’clock pm! After that everybody goes to bed because they stand up again early (around 4 or 5 o’clock am). After this party (that is supposed to be close to the future wife her parents house) the husband throws a party near his house. The future wife is supposed to be here. The day after that there is one evening where the woman is supposed to cry for at least 3 hours. It’s still not totally clear where that is good for but I believe it’s their way to say goodbye to their life before they get married and to say goodbye to their life at their parents house. After the wedding she is going to live at here husbands house. The day after this they get married and have another party for this. Then she is going to live with the husband for a few days (3 or 4) and after that she is going back to her parents for 1 week I believe and then after that she is going to live with her husband for good.   

     

    Ritual after someone’s husband died: Outside the house they offer some food to the gods. When you come inside the house to give your condolence the whole family starts fake crying because when they don’t do that it’s bad look for me. After that you are forced to eat or drink something. The mourning takes 12 days, in this time the wife always wears a white scarf. After the 12 days she has to wear white for 1 whole year. In the 12 days of mourning the wife is not allowed to leave the house and after the 12 days she first has to visit her own fathers house before she does other things outside. The husband who died in this situation was the breadwinner of the family and his wife was not schooled at all. Even for the cremation they had to borrow money. It’s really sad because they have nothing like a life insurance so the family had no money at all. 

    Skills: suggestions, summaries and tips of Worldsupporters on values and skills improvement

    Suggestions, summaries and tips of WorldSupporters related to competencies and skills improvement

     

     

    What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

    What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

    Image

    What are the 13 preconditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

    1. Help yourself by helping others
    2. Create perspective by opening new doors
    3. Don't give up but care about something
    4. Use your empathic skills
    5. Stay with yourself and leave that herd behind you
    6. Focus on your journey and not your destination
    7. Actively deal with your negative emotions
    8. Appreciate and celebrate your small successes
    9. Let others walk their own path
    10. Establish and maintain social contacts
    11. Feel unlimited and not limited
    12. Discover your qualities, take advantage of your opportunities and avoid cliffs
    13. Seek fulfillment in study, work, travel and the world around you

    Signed en researched by

    • The JoHo WorldSupporter team

     

    Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

    Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

    Chapter 1: Literature

     

    Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

    Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

    Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

    Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

    Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

    Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

    Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

    Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

    Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

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    Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

    Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

    De meeste leiderschapsstudies houden zich niet bezig met de complexiteit van intra-organisatorische processen, waaronder veranderingsimplementatie processen, die verschillende activiteiten met zich mee brengen. In deze studie wordt er beweerd dat het waarschijnlijk is dat managers verschillende activiteiten benadrukken in de geplande organisatieverandering implementatie, afhankelijk van de mix van hun leiderschapscompetenties.

    Effectief leiderschap en de bekrachtiging van geplande organisatieverandering

    In deze studie wordt het taak-georiënteerde en persoons-georiënteerde model gebruikt. Taak-georiënteerde vaardigheden zijn gerelateerd aan organisatie structuur, ontwerp en controle en het vaststellen van routines om organisatiedoelen en doelstellingen te halen. Persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden omvat gedrag dat collaboratieve interactie tussen organisatiewerknemers stimuleert, een ondersteunend sociaal klimaat vaststelt en managementpraktijken stimuleert die gelijke behandeling van werknemers verzekert.

    Effectiviteit van de twee verschillende soorten vereist verschillende, maar gerelateerde groepen bekwaamheden. Effectiviteit van taak-georiënteerd gedrag staat of valt met het vermogen om taakeisen duidelijk te maken en taken te structureren rondom de missie en doelen van de organisatie. Effectiviteit van persoons-georiënteerd gedrag berust op het vermogen om rekening te houden met anderen als ook het rekening houden met je eigen emoties en die van anderen. Afhankelijk van de mix van deze leiderschapscompetenties wordt er een verschillende nadruk gelegd op de activiteiten die nodig zijn bij het implementeren van organisatieverandering.

    Deze activiteiten bestaan uit communiceren, mobiliseren en evalueren. Communiceren: activiteiten die leiders uitvoeren om de noodzaak van verandering uit te leggen en hun visie te delen met de werknemers. Mobiliseren: acties die leiders uitvoeren om support van collega’s te krijgen en de inwerkingtreding van nieuwe werkroutines te aanvaarden. Evalueren: maatstaven die leiders gebruiken om de impact van de implementatie te volgen en vast te stellen en veranderingen te institutionaliseren.

    Communiceren van de noodzaak van organisatieverandering

    Leiders die veranderingen doorvoeren moeten de noodzaak van deze verandering communiceren met hun werknemers. De werknemers moeten begrijpen waarom gedrag en routines moeten worden veranderd.

    Hypothese 1a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

    Hypothese 1b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn minder goed in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

    Mobiliseren van anderen om verandering te accepteren

    Tijdens implementatie moeten leiders hun werknemers mobiliseren om de veranderingen te accepteren en toe te passen in hun dagelijkse routines. Mobiliseren is moeilijk doordat er verschillende persoonlijke en beroepsdoelen zijn, en dus verschillende opvattingen over de verandering. Mobiliseren brengt zowel taak als persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden met zich mee.

    Hypothese 2a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

    Hypothese 2b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

    Evalueren van de implementatie van de verandering

    Leiders moeten evalueren in hoeverre organisatieleden routines, werkwijzen en gedrag uitvoeren dat

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    How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

    How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

    Health psychology focuses on the influence of psychological and behavioral factors on health, often in combination with the environment. Stress is central to this.

    What models of personality are there?

    What is the interactional model?

    The interactional model suggests that personality factors determine the impact of events, because they determine how someone deals with the situation. Personality would thus influence coping. How someone deals with an event determines the degree of stress caused by that event. However, a limitation of this model is that stable coping strategies have never been found.

    What is the transactional model?

    The transactional model does things differently. According to this model, personality has three potential effects:

    1. Personality can influence coping.
    2. Personality can affect how the person interprets an event.
    3. Personality can influence the event itself.

    It is not the event that causes stress here, but rather how it is dealt with. This model is called transactional because of the person's influence on the event and the person's appreciation. There is mutual influence.

    What is the health and behavior model?

    A third model is the health and behavior model. This assumes that personality does not directly influence the degree of stress or illness, but that it indirectly influences stress or illness through certain behaviors, such as unsafe sex or overeating. The less healthy someone is, the greater the chance of experiencing more stress.

    What is the disease and behavior model?

    Another model is the disease and behavior model. In this model, disease is explained as the presence of an objectively measurable abnormal physiological process, such as fever, high blood pressure, or a tumor. Abnormal or sick behavior is about the way people behave when they think they are sick. Personality determines the degree of sick behavior, whether or not in combination with a real illness.

    According to the predispositional model, associations exist between personality and illness because of a third variable that affects both, namely predisposition. The predisposition can exist for stable individual personality differences and for specific illnesses.

    What is stress?

    Stress is a subjective feeling that is the result of uncontrollable and threatening events (stressors). These are often extreme situations with unpleasant consequences that cannot be influenced. Stress can be divided into low sources of stress in daily life (daily hassles) and important life events (major life events). Major life events are associated with intensity, conflict and uncontrollability. Positive things can also be very stressful, for example a marriage, a move or a promotion. People with a lot of stress in their lives have many psychological and physiological symptoms. Possible responses to stress may include palpitations, increased blood pressure, sweaty hands and feet, and

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    Summaries for society, culture and arts What is this page about? Contents: information and assortment pointers related to the use of summaries for society, culture and...
    Image Popmuziek en popcultuur: uitgelichte samenvattingen
    Popmuziek en popcultuur: uitgelichte samenvattingen van (licht) wetenschappelijke artikelen over muziek, muziekcultuur en de invloeden van muziek op cultuur.
    Summaries: home bundle

    Content and contributions related to summaries, study assistance and study skills

    ...to help another, travel with care, work together, learn to share and inspire with your experience

    Summaries: home page

    Summaries: home page

    Home page for the use of summaries on WorldSupporter

    What is this page about?

    • Contents: information about using and finding summaries of study books, scientific articles, academic concepts and practice exams on WorldSupporter
    • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
    • Languages: English, Dutch
    • Access: Public

    Where to go next?

    What to find below?

    • Summaries per study and study field
    • Summaries per type and form
      • How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?
      • How and why would you use summaries?
      • Finding summaries practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
      • Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
    • Main theme pages for learn and study
    • FAQ: questions and answers about summaries
    Access: 
    Public
    Summaries: per type and form

    Summaries: per type and form

    Home page for summaries by type and form

    • Summary sort: Study books, Scientific articles, Academic Concepts
    • Areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
    • Languages: English, Dutch
    • Access: This study guide contains exclusive and publicly available study materials
    Access: 
    Public
    Exams: home page for exams, exam tips and study tips

    Exams: home page for exams, exam tips and study tips

    Taking and passing exams, using study tips and learning to study

    What is this page about?

    • Contents: information for exams, exam tips and study tips on WorldSupporter
    • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
    • Languages: English, Dutch
    • Access: Public, Exclusive

    Where to go next?

    What to find below?

    • Highlighted content concerning exams, exam tips and study tips
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    All summaries by study and subject

    All summaries by study and subject

    Table of contents:

    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: study and knowledge
    • What is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to use it and how to create an account?
    • How to use WorldSupporter for summaries and study assistance?
    • How to find summaries and how to upload new summaries on WorldSupporter?
    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: summaries and study assistance
    • What is the homepage for summaries per main area of study?
    • What are the best textbooks summarized per field of study?
    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: summaries per related study field
    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: study and work skills
    • How to improve your study skills?
    • Which skills are related to studying?
    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: study abroad, intern abroad and work abroad
    • Which activities, internships and vacancies abroad are related to the field of business organization and economics?
    • Which organizations offer internships and activities in the field of business organization and economics?
    WorldSupporter summaries by study and subject: shared experiences
    • What are the related spotlight blogs and contributions of other WorldSupporters?
    Samenvattingen en studiehulp

    Samenvattingen en studiehulp

    Inhoudsopgave:

    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studie en kennis
    • Wat is JoHo WorldSupporter en hoe kan je je aanmelden en toegang tot studiematerialen krijgen?
    • Wat zijn WorldSupporter samenvattingen en hoe kan je de samenvattingen voor jouw studie vinden?
    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studiehulp en samenvattingen
    • Wat zijn de gerelateerde vakken op WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen, studiehulp, stages en uittreksels?
    • Wat zijn de beschikbare samenvattingen en studiehulpmaterialen per studiegebied en studierichting?
    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: samenhangende pagina's op WorldSupporter
    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studiecompetenties en stagevaardigheden
    • Hoe kan je het effectief studeren, en hoe haal je een tentamen?
    • Welke vaardigheden heb je nodig, of kan je leren bij een stage?
    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studeren, stage lopen en werken in het buitenland
    • Waar kan je meer vinden over je voorbereidingen als je langer naar het buitenland gaat?
    • Wat moet je doen als je verzekerd wil zijn tijdens een studie of stage of baan in het buitenland?
    JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studietips en ervaringen
    • Wat zijn de uitgelichte blogs, ervaringen en tips van andere WorldSupporters?
    • Wat zijn alle blogs organisaties, tips, samenvattingen en vacatures die verbonden zijn aan JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp?
    . ga hier verder naar de pagina
    CHECK ACTIVITIES

    Make a selection, to find more tips than you see below

    Image Gain experience working at a school and assist in children's development in Africa
    Help out at schools and educational projects in Ghana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Zanzibar, or in South Afrika or Eswatini. What do you get out of it? Competencies:...
    Image Work at a summer camp in Brazil where children from the favelas receive extra education
    Work at a summer camp in Brazil where children from the favelas of Rio de Janeiro receive extra education. During the summer camps, English lessons are given, computer...
    Image Take a 20 week internship or traineeship in Cusco
    Take a 20 week Internship or traineeship in Cusco, Peru. This organisation can place you at several organisations, depending on your interests and skills. During the...
    Image Kom werken als freelance vertaler of redacteur bij een vertaalorganisatie
    Kom werken als freelance vertaler of redacteur bij een vertaalorganisatie
    Image Kom stagelopen bij een vertaalorganisatie, als je interesse hebt in de volgende onderwerpen: (online) marketing, projectmanagement en taal & cultuur
    Kom stagelopen bij een vertaalorganisatie, als je interesse hebt in de volgende onderwerpen: (online) marketing, projectmanagement en taal & cultuur.
    Image Ga met een beurs een jaar lang Indonesische Taal, Kunst & Cultuur studeren aan een universiteit naar keuze!
    Ga met een beurs een jaar lang Indonesische Taal, Kunst & Cultuur studeren aan een universiteit naar keuze!
    Image Do an internship at a local or international NGO in Jordan and develop your Arabic language skills
    Do an internship at a local or international NGO in Jordan and develop your Arabic language skills. This Arabic language institute has placed many interns at NGO's and...
    Image LOT Winter School 2020 on linguistics
    LOT Winter School 2020 The LOT Winter School 2020 is organised by LOT (Landelijke Onderzoekschool Taalwetenschap) in collaboration with Tilburg University. The school...
    Activities abroad: home bundle

    Main content and contributions for activities abroad

    ,,,accommodations, adventure activities, courses, internships, jobs and volunteer projects

    ...to help another, travel with care, work together , learn to share and inspire with your experience

     

    Activities abroad: home page

    Activities abroad: home page

    From language courses to a gap year abroad, from work experience to volunteering abroad, from paid work to an internship abroad, from mountaineering to diving, and from backpacking to traveling around the world

      What social activities can you do abroad?

      • Opportunities are found in the areas of helping, learning or studying.
      • You can get involved and volunteer in a social project at a school in Africa, Asia or Latin America.
      • You can get involved in nature, in a project with animals or cleaning the sea or beaches.
      • Those who want to learn more can choose to do, for example a language course in Latin America, Spain or South Africa.

      What work related activities can you do abroad?

      • When you aim to gain work experience and/or also earn money, go and work abroad.
      • You can combine backpacking in Australia with temporary work.
      • You can work on campsites in Europe or bush camps in Africa.
      • You can almost go all over the world to work in the hospitality industry, hotels, and hostels, in the healthcare sector, or, for example, at a diving school.

      What sports activities to do abroad?

      • Have you ever thought of mountain biking, rafting (going down a wild river on a raft or rubber dinghy, climbing, or canoeing), survival (which involves building rafts, climbing or canoeing), abseiling (descending a rock face while secured to ropes), zip-lining (whizzing down a cable), canyoning (starting at the top of a river and then climbing, swimming, diving down the bed) or caving (scrambling, wriggling and crawling through caves and crevices)?
      • Maybe you feel more comfortable on a bodyboard (on a half-wave surfboard, you surf the high waves lying down with flippers), on a hang glider or while paragliding (with a parachute you float down a mountain or dune), hydrospeeding (on a bodyboard with flippers and a wetsuit on you go down a wild river via rapids), or Tiefschneeskiing (racing down through powder snow)?

      Check the pages below for more activities and inspiration and where to go and how to arrange it

        Activities abroad: for experiencing countries and cultures abroad

        Activities abroad: for experiencing countries and cultures abroad

        Bundled content for experiencing countries and cultures during gap year, travel and backpacking abroad

        Access: 
        Public

        Image ORGANIZATIONS

        Check all organizations related to: 'Languages and cultures'

        CHECK ORGANIZATIONS

        Make a selection, to find more or other organizations than you see below

        Image EF Education First
        EF Education First was founded in Sweden by a young entrepreneur who wanted to offer Swedish students the opportunity to take English language courses in England. Today...
        Image Alexander The Great, Hellenic Language School
        This language school has locations in Athens and Thessaloniki on the large Greek island of Crete. The school offers programs in both contemporary and ancient Greek, and...
        Image BSC Education
        BSC Education offers a range of English language courses to help you improve your English. Various business specializations are available, including accreditation to...
        Image Qasid Arabic institute
        Qasid Arabic institute is an Arabic language school based in Amman, capital of Jordan. In Amman you can both soak up the atmosphere of antiquity and enjoy modern...
        Organizations & Services: home bundle

        Bundled content, suggestions, stories and tips about organizations and their products and services

        ...to help another, travel with care, work together, learn to share and inspire with your experience

        Organizations: home page
        Organizations for administrative, tax and legal work and consulting

        Organizations for administrative, tax and legal work and consulting

        international law

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in administration, tax and legal consulting

        Administrative, tax and legal consulting abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations for agriculture, grape picking, farming and vineyards

        Organizations for agriculture, grape picking, farming and vineyards

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in agriculture, grape picking, farming and vineyards abroad

        Working with livestock, harvesting crops, wine production and horticulture abroad

        Agriculture, fruit picking and farming: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations for animal protection, animal care and working with wildlife abroad

        Organizations for animal protection, animal care and working with wildlife abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in animal protection, animal care and wildlife projects abroad

        For working in animal shelters, wildlife rehabilitation centers, protecting wildlife reserves and taking care of animals abroad

        Animal protection, animal care and working with wildlife: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations for au pairs, youth work and child care abroad

        Organizations for au pairs, youth work and child care abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in youth work, child care or as an au pair abroad

        Au pair exchange, youth work and child care: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for bush camping and working at a campsite abroad
        Organizations: for catering, hospitality and entertainment abroad
        Organizations: for civil society and social work abroad
        Organizations for corporate business services

        Organizations for corporate business services

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in corporate business services

        Corporate business services abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for customer services abroad and help desks
        Organizations: for diving, snorkeling and water sports abroad
        Organizations: for education and schools abroad
        Organizations: for expatriate insurances, travel insurances, and emergency call centers
        Organizations: for gap year activities abroad and sabbaticals
        Organizations: for internship placement abroad
        Organizations: for insurances and finance abroad
        Organizations for IT, engineering and construction

        Organizations for IT, engineering and construction

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in IT, webdevelopment, engineering and construction

        IT, engineering and construction abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for language travel and language teaching abroad
        Organizations for marketing, communication and PR abroad

        Organizations for marketing, communication and PR abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in marketing and communication

        Marketing, communication and PR abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for mediation in au pairs, childcare and elderly care in the Netherlands
        Organizations for moving, international relocation and transport abroad

        Organizations for moving, international relocation and transport abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in transport and international relocation

        Moving abroad and relocation services abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:

        Moving abroad and relocation

        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations for nature conservation, environmental protection and working in nature abroad

        Organizations for nature conservation, environmental protection and working in nature abroad

        Costa Rica rain forest - Jungle

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in environmental protection, sustainability and nature conservation

        Nature conservation and environmental protection abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for nonprofit projects, development work and international cooperation
        Organizations: for online work as digital nomad, freelancer, or independent entrepreneur from abroad
        Organizations: for outdoor activities and sports
        Organizations: for providing accommodation and hospitality work in hotels, guesthouses, ecolodges and hostels abroad

        Organizations: for providing accommodation and hospitality work in hotels, guesthouses, ecolodges and hostels abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in hotels, resorts, guesthouses, ecolodges, bed and breakfasts and hostels abroad

        Working in hospitality and tourist accommodations abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad

        Organizations: for providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in healthcare

        Providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

        Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad

        Psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for real estate, brokerage abroad and property rental abroad
        Organizations: for research and scientific work abroad

        Organizations: for research and scientific work abroad

        Image

        Organizations: for research, R&D, data collection, data analysis and scientific work abroad

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in research and science

        From R&D to data collection and data analysis

        Research and science abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page
        Organizations: for student support and student associations
        Organizations: for tour guidance and adventure tours abroad
        Organizations: for tourism and organized travel and leisure work abroad
        Organizations: for voluntary work mediation and project placement abroad
        Organizations for yacht and shipping crew and working on a cruise ship abroad

        Organizations for yacht and shipping crew and working on a cruise ship abroad

        Image

        Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work on cruise ships, sailing yachts and other ships

        Boat crew, deck hand or working for an international shipping organization

        Working on a yacht or cruise ship abroad: by position

        For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
        ......Read more on this page

        Image

        SPOTLIGHT & FAVORITES

        FAVORITES
        BSC Education

        BSC Education offers a range of English language courses to help you improve your English. Various business specializations are available, including accreditation to become an English teacher. Language lessons are offered at various locations in the United Kingdom, but lesson options vary by city. C...

        Alexander The Great, Hellenic Language School

        This language school has locations in Athens and Thessaloniki on the large Greek island of Crete. The school offers programs in both contemporary and ancient Greek, and you can also study the rich history of Greece on-site. The school, located in the center of the picturesque town of Chania, conside...

        EF Education First

        EF Education First was founded in Sweden by a young entrepreneur who wanted to offer Swedish students the opportunity to take English language courses in England. Today, EF is the world's largest private education institution with a wide range of educational programs. EF offers, among other things, ...

        Image ALL CONTENT OF TOPIC

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        Crossroad: spotlight pages
        Crossroads in the field of:
        Learning English around the world and abroad

        Learn English around the world and abroad Learning English abroad: orientation

        • What is an English language course?
        • Why should you learn English and take an English language course abroad?
        • What do you need, or can you do, to learn a language and take a language course abroa...

        Learning Spanish around the world and abroad

        Learn Spanish around the world and abroad Learning Spanish abroad: orientation

        • What is learning Spanish abroad?
        • At which schools can you learn Spanish abroad?
        • Why learn Spanish abroad?
        • What do you need when you learn Spanish abroad?
        • Where is the best...

        Activities abroad: home page

        From language courses to a gap year abroad, from work experience to volunteering abroad, from paid work to an internship abroad, from mountaineering to diving, and from backpacking to traveling around the world Activities abroad

        • What social activities can you do abroad?
        • What work r...

        Moving abroad?
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