Examtests with Biological Psychology by Kalat - 14th edition

What are nerve cells and nerve impulses? - ExamTest 1

Multiple choice questions with chapter 1

Question 1

The two kinds of cells in the nervous system are ___, which receive and transmit information to other cells, and ___ which do not transmit information.

1. Neurons, glia
2. Glia, hypoglia
3. Glia, neurons
4. Neurons, corpuscles

Question 2

The outer surface of a cell is called the ___ and the fluid inside the cell is the ___.

1. Cytoplasm, endoplasm
2. Membrane, nuclear fluid
3. Wall, goo
4. Membrane, cytoplasm

Question 3

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

1. Cell body
2. Dendrites
3. Axon
4. Presynaptic ending

Question 4

Neurons have one ___, but can have any number of ___.

1. Dendrite, axons
2. Axon, dendrites
3. Cell body, axons
4. Axon hillock, cell bodies

Question 5

As a general rule, axons convey information ___.

1. Toward dendrites of their own cell.
2. Toward their own cell body.
3. Away from the cell body.
4. To glia.

Question 6

What is an interneuron?

1. A glia cell that separates one neuron from another.
2. A neuron that receives all its information from other neurons and conveys impulses only to other neurons.
3. A neuron that has its cell body in the spinal cord and an axon that extends to a muscle or gland.
4. A cell whose properties are halfway between those of a neuron and those of a glia cell.

Question 7

A neuron that conveys information toward the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell, with regard to the hippocampus.

1. Afferent
2. Efferent
3. Intrinsic
4. Motor

Question 8

A neuron that conveys information away from the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell, with regard to the hippocampus.

1. Afferent
2. Efferent
3. Intrinsic
4. Sensory

Question 9

In the human brain, glia cells are ___.

1. Larger than neurons.
2. Capable of transmitting impulses when neurons fail to do so.
3. More numerous than neurons.
4. Like neurons, except that they lack axons.

Question 10

What is one function not performed by glia?

1. Remove waste materials.
2. Build myelin sheaths.
3. Transmit information.
4. Guide the growth of axons and dendrites.

Question 11

The difference in voltage between the inside and the outside of a neuron that typically exists is called the ___.

1. Concentration gradient.
2. Generator potential.
3. Resting potential.
4. Shock value.

Question 12

What is meant by the term ‘concentration gradient’?

1. Sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell and potassium ions are more concentrated outside.
2. Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell and sodium ions are more concentrated outside.
3. Sodium ions are more concentrated in the dendrites and potassium ions are more concentrated in the axon.
4. Potassium ions are more concentrated in the dendrites and sodium ions are more concentrated in the axon.

Question 13

The sodium potassium pump pumps sodium ions ___ and potassium ions ___.

1. Into the cell, into the cell
2. Into the cell, out of the cell
3. Out of the cell, out of the cell
4. Out of the cell, into the cell

Question 14

The sodium potassium pump makes which of the following features of a neuron possible?

1. Refractory period.
2. Resting potential.
3. Selective permeability.
4. Saltatory conduction.

Question 15

When the neuron is at rest, which of the following forces tends to move potassium ions out of the cell?

1. Concentration gradient.
2. Electrical gradient.
3. Both concentration gradient and electrical gradient.
4. Sodium potassium pump.

Question 16

If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative potential, the result is ___.

1. Hyperpolarization.
2. Depolarization.
3. An action potential.
4. A threshold.

Question 17

If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly closer to zero, the result is known as ___.

1. Hyperpolarization.
2. Depolarization.
3. Selective permeability.
4. The refractory period.

Question 18

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches ___.

1. The resting potential.
2. 90 mV.
3. The threshold.
4. The myelin sheath.

Question 19

According to the all-or-none law, ___.

1. Every depolarization produces an action potential.
2. Every hyperpolarization produces an action potential.
3. The size of the action potential is independent of the strength of the stimulus that initiated it.
4. Every depolarization reaches the threshold, even if it fails to produce an action potential.

Question 20

For a given neuron, the resting potential is 70 mV and the threshold is 55 mV. Stimulus A depolarizes the membrane to exactly 55 mV. Stimulus B depolarizes the membrane to 40 mV. What can we expect to happen?

1. Stimulus A will produce an action potential of greater amplitude than stimulus B.
2. Stimulus A will produce an action potential that is conducted at a faster speed than that of stimulus B.
3. Stimulus B will produce an action potential and stimulus A will not.
4. Stimulus A and stimulus B will produce action potentials of the same size.

Question 21

During the entire course of events from the start of an action potential until the membrane returns to its resting potential, the net movement of ions is ___.

1. Sodium in, potassium in
2. Sodium out, potassium out
3. Sodium in, potassium out
4. Sodium out, potassium in

Question 22

What is the refractory period of a neuron?

1. A period in which the sodium gates of the membrane are open.
2. A period in which the sodium potassium pump is active.
3. A period in which a usually adequate stimulus cannot produce an action potential.
4. A period in which both the sodium gates and the potassium gates are fully closed.

Question 23

Most action potentials begin ___.

1. In the dendrites.
2. In the cell body.
3. At the axon hillock.
4. At the tip of the axon.

Question 24

The velocity of an action potential is ___.

1. The same as the velocity of electricity.
2. Approximately the speed of sound.
3. 1100 m/sec.
4. Impossible to measure.

Question 25

The function of a myelin sheath is to ___.

1. Prevent action potentials from traveling in the wrong direction.
2. Increase the velocity of transmission along an axon.
3. Increase the magnitude of an action potential.
4. Enable an action potential in one cell to influence the transmission in other cells.

Question 26

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

1. Gates in the membrane that admit all ions freely.
2. Branching points in an axon.
3. Places where dendrites join the cell body.
4. Interruptions in the myelin sheath.

Answers Multiple choice questions with chapter 1

Question 1

A. Neurons, glia.

Question 2

D. Membrane, cytoplasm.

Question 3

A. Cell body.

Question 4

B. Axon, dendrites.

Question 5

C. Away from the cell body .

Question 6

B. A neuron that receives all its information from other neurons and conveys impulses only to other neurons.

Question 7

A. Afferent.

Question 8

B. Efferent.

Question 9

C. More numerous than neurons.

Question 10

C. Transmit information.

Question 11

C. Resting potential.

Question 12

B. Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell and sodium ions are more concentrated outside.

Question 13

D. Out of the cell, into the cell.

Question 14

B. Resting potential.

Question 15

A. Concentration gradient.

Question 16

A. Hyperpolarization.

Question 17

B. Depolarization.

Question 18

C. The threshold

Question 19

C. The size of the action potential is independent of the strength of the stimulus that initiated it.

Question 20

D. Stimulus A and stimulus B will produce action potentials of the same size.

Question 21

C. Sodium in, potassium out.

Question 22

C. A period in which a usually adequate stimulus cannot produce an action potential.

Question 23

C. At the axon hillock.

Question 24

C. 1100 m/sec.

Question 25

B. Increase the velocity of transmission along an axon.

Question 26

D. Interruptions in the myelin sheath.

What is the function of synapses? - ExamTest 2

Multiple choice questions with chapter 2

Question 1

Where does the abbreviation EPSP stand for?

1. Extra psychic sensory perception.
2. Exterior partial sensory process.
3. End point stationary physiology.
4. Excitatory post synaptic potential.

Question 2

What is an EPSP?

1. Graded depolarization.
2. Depolarization alternating rapidly with a hyperpolarization.
3. Graded hyperpolarization.
4. Cancelling out of competing effects.

Question 3

Spatial summation refers to ___.

1. Adding two stimuli from the same source that occurred at different times.
2. The decrease in responsiveness by a neuron that has been stimulated repeatedly.
3. Adding two stimuli from different sources at the same time.
4. A progressive increase in the magnitude of action potentials in a given axon over time.

Question 4

What is an IPSP?

1. Location where a dendrite branches.
2. Interruption in a myelin sheath.
3. Subthreshold depolarization.
4. Temporary hyperpolarization.

Question 5

The synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules takes place ___.

1. In the bloodstream.
2. In the cell body.
3. In the presynaptic terminal.
4. In either the cell body or the presynaptic terminal, depending on the particular neurotransmitter.

Question 6

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement?

1. Bicarbonate out of the presynaptic cell.
2. Lithium out of the presynaptic cell.
3. Iron into the cell.
4. Calcium into the cell.

Question 7

What is the synaptic cleft?

1. The gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
2. A packet that stores molecules of the synaptic transmitter.
3. A subthreshold depolarization.
4. A dietary precursor to the synthesis of a synaptic transmitter.

Answers Multiple choice questions with chapter 2

Question 1

D. Excitatory post synaptic potential.

Question 2

A. Graded depolarization.

Question 3

C. Adding two stimuli from different sources at the same time.

Question 4

D. Temporary hyperpolarization.

Question 5

D. In either the cell body or the presynaptic terminal, depending on the particular neurotransmitter.

Question 6

D. Calcium into the cell.

Question 7

A. The gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.

What does the human vertebrate nervous system look like? - ExamTest 3

Multiple choice questions with chapter 3

Question 1

The occipital lobe is at the ___ of the brain.

1. Anterior
2. Superior
3. Posterior

Question 2

What isn’t part of the subcortical areas?

1. Hypothalamus.
2. Amygdala.
3. Hippocampus.

Question 3

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

1. It prepares the organs for a resting moment.
2. It prepares the organs for activity.
3. It prepares the organs for both activity and resting.

Question 4

The cerebellum has different functions. Which is not a function of the cerebellum?

1. It plays a role in movement.
2. It plays a role in sensory perception.
3. It plays a role in balance and coordination.

Question 5

The prefrontal cortex ___.

1. Is important for the long-term memory.
2. Is important for working memory.
3. Is important for sensory memory.

Question 6

How does fMRI work?

1. It measures electrical brain activity by electrodes.
2. It shows an image of the brain by measuring blood flow with magnetic fields.
3. It measures radioactivity of injected chemicals.

Answers Multiple choice questions with chapter 3

Question 1

C. Posterior.

Question 2

A. Hypothalamus

Question 3

B. It prepares the organs for activity.

Question 4

B. It plays a role in sensory perception.

Question 5

B. Is important for working memory.

Question 6

B. It shows an image of the brain by measuring blood flow with magnetic fields.

How did the human vertebrate nervous system develop throughout evolution? - ExamTest 4

Multiple choice questions with chapter 4

Question 1

What is the sequence of creating new connections?

1. Proliferation- migration- differentiation- synaptogenesis.
2. Differentiation- migration- proliferation- synaptogenesis.
3. Migration- proliferation- synaptogenesis- differentiation.

Question 2

What happens when an axon no longer receives nerve growth factor (NGF)?

1. The axon won’t be able to grow further.
2. The axon will deteriorate and his cell body will die.
3. The axon will lose its power in the process of communication.

Question 3

When there is a blood clot in the artery, it’s called ___.

1. Edema.
2. Bleeding.
3. Ischemia.

Question 4

What is incorrect?

1. On the DNA there are chromosomes.
2. The genes are in every cell nucleus of the body.
3. There are 23 chromosome pairs.

Question 5

What is true about RNA?

1. RNA is like DNA, but exists independently.
2. RNA is one string of DNA.
3. The function of RNA is to deconstruct unnecessary proteins.

Question 6

What isn’t true about evolution?

1. Evolution enhances the genes.
2. Evolution means successfully giving the genes to the next generations.
3. When a body part is not being used that often, it will be less present in the next generations.

Answers Multiple choice questions with chapter 4

Question 1

A. Proliferation- migration- differentiation- synaptogenesis.

Question 2

B. The axon will deteriorate and his cell body will die.

Question 3

C. Ischemia.

Question 4

A. On the DNA there are chromosomes.

Question 5

B. RNA is one string of DNA.

Question 6

C. When a body part is not being used that often, it will be less present in the next generations.

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