How does emotion development in children take place? - ExamTest 10

Questions

Question 1

Which theory is based on the idea of Darwin that emotions are innate? 

1. The functionalist perspective
2. The dynamic systems theory.
3. The basis-affection system theory.
4. The discrete emotions theory.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

1. Poor people experience as much depression as rich people. 
2. The percentage of depression decreases when children reach puberty. 

1. Only statement 1 is true.
2. Only statement 2 is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Question 3

What are two examples of self-aware emotions?

1. Shame and anger.
2. Fear and Anger.
3. Pride and shame.
4. Pride and joy.

Question 4

What is the first form of emotional regulation that children develop?

1. Looking away from a negative stimulus.
2. Crying during a negative stimulus
3. Separation anxiety from the primary caregiver.
4. Disgust.

Question 5

The first negative emotion you see in young babies is ...

1. Anger.
2. Sadness.
3. Fear.
4. First you only see general distress: differentiating between negative emotions is still too difficult.

Question 6

From what age can you see a social smile in babies?

1. In the first week after birth.
2. After about 3 weeks of age.
3. From about 6 weeks of age.
4. After 4 to 5 months.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best summarizes the findings by Mischel and his colleagues from their famous marshmallow test?

1. The ability to exhibit self-control early in life can predict success later in life.
2. The ability to experience and express emotion is a result of human evolution.
3. Individuals experience emotions in order to manage their relationship to their environment.
4. Infants across all cultures are born with the ability to express the six basic human emotions.

Question 8

Tom is walking down the street and suddenly encounters a dog that is crouched and growling. Tom begins to perspire, his breathing quickens, and his heart rate increases. This reaction is an example of which component of emotions?

1. Neural responses.
2. Physiological factors.
3. Subjective feelings.
4. The desire to take action.

Question 9

The notion that humans have evolvd to experience a basic set of emotions through adaptation to their surroundings is central to which theory?

1. Functionalist perspective theory.
2. The AFFEX approach.
3. Display rules theory.
4. Discrete emotions theory.

Question 10

How do self-conscious emotions differ from the set of basic emotions discussed in this chapter?

1. Self-conscious emotions are thought to be innate.
2. Self-conscious emotions tend to occur very early in infancy.
3. Self-conscious emotions develop after the child has acquired a sense of himself as separate from others.
4. Self-conscious emotions have a consistently negative effect on development.

Question 11

Based on your understanding of the chapter, how would a 12-month-old respond to a novel stimulus in a given situation if his or her parent expressed positive emotion?

1. The infant would be likely to stay near his or her parent.
2. The infant would be likely to move closer to the novel stimulus.
3. The infant would be likely to stay in between the parent and the novel stimulus.
4. The infant would be likely to show a fear response and avoid the novel stimulus.

Question 12

A decreased reliance on self-comforting behaviors, an increased ability to inhibit motor behavior, and an improved ability to distract oneself when distressed all result from developments in ... .

1. Emotional intelligence
2. Emotion regulation
3. Temperament
4. Social competence

Question 13

Twin studies conducted by Lemery-Chalfant and colleagues have led to which important conclusion regarding temperament?

1. Temperament is most strongly affected by environmental factors.
2. Temperament is completely determined by genetic factors.
3. Temperament is determined more by genes than by environment.
4. Genes and environment play equal roles in determining temperament.

Question 14

Two 6-year-old boys, Cal and Sam, accompany their class to the library. Sam grabs a book from the shelf and sits quietly to read. Cal is unable to sit still and ends up disrupting other children. The different reactions that these two boys have to this situation illustrate ... .

1. Emotion socialization.
2. Goodness of fit.
3. Personal preferences.
4. Differential susceptibility.

Question 15

Chronic high-level stress that is experienced without the mitigating benefits of support or treatment is referred to as ... stress.

1. Inherent.
2. Manageable.
3. ruminative.
4. Toxic.

Answers

Question 1

D. The discrete emotions theory states that there are some core emotions that are innate.

Question 2

D. Poor people experience more depression than rich people. The percentage of depression actually increases when children reach puberty.

Question 3

C. Pride and shame are examples of self-aware emotions.

Question 4

A. Looking away from a negative stimulus.

Question 5

D. First you only see general distress: differentiating between negative emotions is still too difficult.

Question 6

C. From the age of 6 weeks.

Question 7

A. The marshmallow test study found that the ability to exhibit self-control early in life can predict success later in life.

Question 8

B. Physiological factors.

Question 9

D. Discrete emotions theory.

Question 10

C. Self-conscious emotions develop after the child has acquired a sense of himself as separate from others.

Question 11

B. The 12-month-old would be likely to move closer to the novel stimulus.

Question 12

B. A decreased reliance on self-comforting behaviors, an increased ability to inhibit motor behavior, and an improved ability to distract oneself when distressed all result from developments in emotion regulation.

Question 13

D. Genes and environment play equal roles in determining temperament.

Question 14

B. The different reactions that these two boys have to this situation illustrate goodness of fit.

Question 15

D. Toxic stress.