Clinical and health psychology: study assistance, study summaries and student internships abroad

from improving study skills to studying abroad and job openings to personal experiences

Image

Image

PAGE LAYOUT

Clinical and health psychology

INTRO   SUMMARIES AND STUDY ASSISTANCE   ACTIVITIES AND TIPS   ORGANIZATIONS   SPOTLIGHT   SEARCH

PAGE INTRO

Table of contents:

Clinical and health psychology: study and knowledge
  • What are clinical and health psychology?
  • Why study clinical psychology, and where is the best place to study, intern, or work abroad?
  • Why study health psychology, and where is the best place to study, intern, or work abroad?
  • What are the key terms, definitions, and concepts summarized in the field of clinical psychology and health psychology?
Clinical and health psychology: summaries and study assistance
  • What are the best textbooks for clinical psychology and health psychology summarized?
  • What are the best scientific articles for clinical psychology and health psychology summarized?
  • What are the practice exams and study tips for clinical psychology and health psychology summarized?
Clinical and health psychology: summaries per related study field
Clinical and health psychology: study and work skills
  • How to improve your study skills in the field of clinical psychology and health psychology?
  • Which skills are related to the field of clinical psychology and health psychology?
Clinical and health psychology: study abroad, intern abroad, and work abroad
  • Which activities, internships, and vacancies abroad are related to the field of clinical psychology and health psychology?
  • Which organizations offer internships and activities in the field of clinical psychology and health psychology?
Clinical and health psychology: shared experiences
  • What are the related spotlight blogs and contributions of other WorldSupporters?
Clinical and health psychology: shared content
  • All shared content related to clinical psychology and health psychology: jobs, tips, summaries, organizations, and blogs
  • Search all shared content

Image

What is clinical psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is clinical psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is clinical psychology?

  • Clinical psychology studies mental health, emotional well-being, behavior, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in relation to individuals and communities.
  • The field connects scientific research with practical care, using psychological theories, clinical interviews, observation, testing, and evidence-based interventions.
  • Internationally, clinical psychology is shaped by culture, health systems, ethics, language, social inequality, trauma, migration, family life, education, and access to care.

What are the main reasons for being active in the field of clinical psychology?

  • The field often attracts people who want to understand how mental health is influenced by biology, relationships, culture, social conditions, and personal experience.
  • Clinical psychology is relevant in settings where distress, resilience, behavior, identity, and social support need to be understood with care and precision.
  • Study or internship abroad can make visible how mental health systems differ across countries, including differences in diagnosis, stigma, community care, and therapeutic traditions.
  • The discipline offers a structured way to explore human suffering without reducing people to symptoms, labels, or isolated problems.
  • International experience can deepen awareness of cultural competence, ethical boundaries, communication styles, and the limits of applying one model of care everywhere.

What skills do you need to participate in clinical psychology?

  • To be empathic: clinical psychology depends on careful attention to another person’s experience, without losing professional distance or analytical clarity.
  • To analyse: the field requires the ability to interpret behavior, symptoms, life context, assessment results, and research findings in relation to each other.
  • To communicate: clinical work commonly involves sensitive conversations, clear reporting, careful questioning, and cooperation with clients, families, supervisors, and institutions.
  • To have integrity: confidentiality, informed consent, professional boundaries, and respect for vulnerability are central to responsible clinical practice.
  • To be aware of your surroundings: psychological distress is often connected to family systems, education, work, migration, poverty, discrimination, or cultural expectations.

What motivates people to study or work in clinical psychology?

  • Be and feel empathetic: the field tends to appeal to people who want to understand distress from the inside, while still working with evidence and structure.
  • Be and feel helpful: clinical psychology is closely connected to support, recovery, coping, prevention, and the reduction of psychological suffering.
  • Be and feel meaningful with a sense of purpose: the discipline often feels meaningful because it addresses experiences that strongly affect daily life, relationships, education, work, and health.
  • Be and feel self-aware: studying clinical psychology often involves reflection on one’s own assumptions, reactions, communication patterns, and cultural background.
  • Be and feel involved: many people are drawn to the field because it sits close to social issues such as stigma, trauma, exclusion, family stress, and unequal access to mental health care.

What are the best countries and locations to study, intern or work in clinical psychology abroad?

Where can you find work experience and vacancies for jobs, internships, and voluntary work in clinical psychology abroad?

What are things to consider when studying or working abroad in clinical psychology?

  • Clinical roles are regulated differently across countries; titles, supervision requirements, permitted tasks, and routes to registration can vary strongly.
  • Language and culture matter deeply in assessment and therapy, because symptoms, emotions, family expectations, stigma, and help-seeking behavior are expressed differently across contexts.
  • Ethical responsibility is central: confidentiality, informed consent, safeguarding, crisis referral, record keeping, and role boundaries should be clear before engaging in any client-facing activity.
  • Not every international placement is suitable for direct clinical work; observation, research, psychoeducation, community support, or administrative roles may be more appropriate depending on training level.
  • Clinical psychology abroad requires humility: methods that are well established in one system may need adaptation in another social, legal, linguistic, or cultural environment.

Further depth: what is clinical psychology as a discipline?

Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with understanding, assessing, treating, and preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral difficulties. It combines scientific knowledge with careful clinical judgment, aiming to support people whose thoughts, feelings, relationships, or behavior affect their well-being and daily functioning.

What are the main features of clinical psychology?

The discipline brings together research, assessment, therapeutic methods, and ethical practice. It is both scientific and relational: clinical psychologists work with evidence, but also with the lived experience of individuals, families, and groups.

  • Clinical focus: the work commonly involves direct contact with people experiencing psychological distress, emotional difficulties, behavioral problems, or complex life challenges.
  • Scientific foundation: diagnosis, treatment planning, and intervention are informed by psychological theory, research methods, and evaluated forms of care.
  • Psychotherapy: talk-based interventions help people examine patterns in thoughts, emotions, behavior, relationships, and coping strategies.
  • Diversity of practice: clinical psychologists may work with children, adults, families, older people, and communities from many social and cultural backgrounds.

What are important sub-areas of clinical psychology?

Clinical psychology is broad. Sub-areas often differ in age group, setting, assessment method, type of difficulty, and connection with other disciplines such as medicine, law, education, or public health.

  • Adult clinical psychology focuses on psychological difficulties in adulthood, including anxiety, depression, personality-related difficulties, trauma, grief, and relationship problems.
  • Child and adolescent clinical psychology works with developmental, emotional, behavioral, learning, and family-related concerns affecting children and young people.
  • Neuropsychology studies the relation
......more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
What is health psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is health psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is health psychology?

  • Health psychology studies how psychological, behavioural, biological, and social factors influence physical health, illness, recovery, and well-being.
  • The field connects individual behaviour with wider systems such as healthcare, education, public health, work, family life, and community support.
  • Internationally, health psychology is relevant in contexts where prevention, patient communication, chronic illness, lifestyle behaviour, and mental resilience are part of everyday healthcare practice.

What are the main reasons for being active in the field of health psychology?

  • The field offers a grounded way to understand why people adopt, avoid, maintain, or struggle with health-related behaviours.
  • It is relevant in societies facing chronic disease, ageing populations, stress-related complaints, unequal access to care, and changing public health needs.
  • Study or internship experience abroad can show how culture, family systems, healthcare structures, and social norms shape health behaviour.
  • The discipline often attracts people who want to connect psychological knowledge with practical questions in hospitals, clinics, schools, workplaces, and communities.
  • It provides a useful perspective for understanding prevention, treatment adherence, recovery, coping, and communication between patients and professionals.

What skills do you need to participate in health psychology?

  • To analyse: health psychology requires careful interpretation of behaviour, symptoms, social context, research findings, and the interaction between mental and physical health.
  • To be empathic: the field often involves people facing pain, uncertainty, illness, stigma, or lifestyle changes that are difficult to sustain.
  • To communicate: clear communication matters when translating psychological insights into patient education, prevention programmes, or cooperation with healthcare teams.
  • To be aware of your surroundings: health behaviour is shaped by culture, family expectations, income, work conditions, healthcare access, and local beliefs about illness.
  • To plan: interventions, research projects, patient support, and public health activities usually depend on structured preparation and realistic follow-up.

What motivates people to study or work in health psychology?

  • Be and feel helpful: the discipline is closely connected to supporting people who are trying to manage illness, reduce risk, or improve daily health routines.
  • Be and feel empathetic: health psychology tends to appeal to people interested in the lived experience of illness, pain, recovery, and vulnerability.
  • Be and feel involved: the field is relevant in settings where psychological knowledge contributes to public health, healthcare quality, and community well-being.
  • Be and feel meaningful with a sense of purpose: many people engage with the field because it connects scientific understanding with everyday questions about health and quality of life.
  • Be and feel self-aware: the study of stress, coping, behaviour change, and resilience often invites reflection on how people respond to pressure and uncertainty.

What are the best countries and locations to study, intern or work in health psychology abroad?

  • Countries with strong traditions in psychological research, healthcare education, and behavioural science: United States, United Kingdom: England, Scotland to Wales, Canada.
  • Countries with public health systems, prevention programmes, and international health policy contexts: The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark.
  • Locations where ageing, community care, lifestyle-related illness, and health behaviour are important study themes: Japan, Germany, Australia.
  • Countries where health psychology can be explored through community health, development, prevention, and access-to-care perspectives: South Africa, Kenya, India.
  • Regions where culture, family systems, urbanisation, and changing lifestyles offer useful perspectives on health behaviour: Brazil, Mexico, Thailand.

Where can you find work experience and vacancies for jobs, internships, and voluntary work in health psychology abroad?

What are things to consider when studying or working abroad in health psychology?

  • Professional boundaries differ between countries, especially around counselling, diagnosis, patient contact, and the role of psychologists in medical settings.
  • Health beliefs, stigma, family involvement, religion, gender norms, and communication styles can strongly influence how people discuss illness and follow advice.
  • Ethical practice is central: confidentiality, informed consent, cultural sensitivity, supervision, and realistic expectations are important in both study and field placements.

Further depth: what is health psychology as a discipline?

What are the main features of health psychology?

Health psychology examines the relationship between mind, behaviour, social life, and physical health. It asks how people understand illness, respond to symptoms, manage risk, cope with treatment, and maintain well-being over time.

  • Biopsychosocial approach: health is understood through the interaction of biological processes, psychological patterns, and social conditions.
  • Prevention and intervention: the field studies how healthier behaviour can be supported before illness develops, and how psychological interventions can help when illness is already present.
  • Health behaviour: common themes include diet, movement, sleep, medication use, substance use, screening, and the routines that influence long-term health.
  • Stress and coping: health psychologists study how stress affects the body and how coping strategies can protect or weaken well-being.

What are important sub-areas of health psychology?

The discipline includes several applied and research-oriented areas. Some focus on clinical care, while others are closer to public health, behavioural science, or medicine.

  • Behavioral medicine: applies behavioural and psychological knowledge to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery in medical contexts.
  • Adherence and health promotion: studies why people follow or do not follow treatment plans, and how healthier patterns can be made more realistic.
  • Psychological aspects of chronic illness: focuses on the emotional and behavioural impact of conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and long-term pain.
  • Pain management: examines how attention, emotion, beliefs, stress, and coping influence the experience of pain and the use of treatment strategies.
  • Psychoneuroimmunology: explores links between behaviour, the nervous system, the immune system, and physical health.

What are key concepts of health psychology?

  • Biopsychosocial model of health: a framework that views health as the result of interacting physical, psychological, and social influences.
  • Health behavior change: the study of how habits develop, why change is difficult, and how supportive environments can make change more likely.
  • Stress and coping: the analysis of pressure, appraisal, emotion regulation, resilience, and the strategies people use in demanding situations.
  • Patient adherence: the question of how people understand, accept, and continue treatment or lifestyle advice in daily life.
  • Prevention and health promotion: the effort to reduce illness risk and strengthen well-being through education, behaviour change, and supportive systems.

Who are influential figures in health psychology?

  • Kelly McGonigal: known for public and academic work on stress, behaviour change, and the relationship between psychological interpretation and well-being.
  • Lisa Feldman Barrett: influential in research on emotion, the brain, and how emotional processes shape human experience and health-related behaviour.
......more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms for clinical and health psychology

Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms for clinical and health psychology

Key terms, definitions and concepts summarized in the field of clinical and health psychology

What is this page about?

  • Contents: a selection of terms, definitions and concepts for clinical and health psychology
  • Study areas: clinical psychology, health psychology, psychodiagnostics
  • Language: English
  • Access: Public

Where to go next?

What to find below?

  • Read on for the key terms and definitions summarized in the field of clinical and health psychology
  • Click on the term of your interest
...more on this page, or read on below >>
What is clinical psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is clinical psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is clinical psychology?

  • Clinical psychology studies mental health, emotional well-being, behavior, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in relation to individuals and communities.
  • The field connects scientific research with practical care, using psychological theories, clinical interviews, observation, testing, and evidence-based interventions.
  • Internationally, clinical psychology is shaped by culture, health systems, ethics, language, social inequality, trauma, migration, family life, education, and access to care.

What are the main reasons for being active in the field of clinical psychology?

  • The field often attracts people who want to understand how mental health is influenced by biology, relationships, culture, social conditions, and personal experience.
  • Clinical psychology is relevant in settings where distress, resilience, behavior, identity, and social support need to be understood with care and precision.
  • Study or internship abroad can make visible how mental health systems differ across countries, including differences in diagnosis, stigma, community care, and therapeutic traditions.
  • The discipline offers a structured way to explore human suffering without reducing people to symptoms, labels, or isolated problems.
  • International experience can deepen awareness of cultural competence, ethical boundaries, communication styles, and the limits of applying one model of care everywhere.

What skills do you need to participate in clinical psychology?

  • To be empathic: clinical psychology depends on careful attention to another person’s experience, without losing professional distance or analytical clarity.
  • To analyse: the field requires the ability to interpret behavior, symptoms, life context, assessment results, and research findings in relation to each other.
  • To communicate: clinical work commonly involves sensitive conversations, clear reporting, careful questioning, and cooperation with clients, families, supervisors, and institutions.
  • To have integrity: confidentiality, informed consent, professional boundaries, and respect for vulnerability are central to responsible clinical practice.
  • To be aware of your surroundings: psychological distress is often connected to family systems, education, work, migration, poverty, discrimination, or cultural expectations.
.....read more
Access: 
Public
What is health psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is health psychology, why would you study it, and where is the best place to study, intern or work abroad?

What is health psychology?

  • Health psychology studies how psychological, behavioural, biological, and social factors influence physical health, illness, recovery, and well-being.
  • The field connects individual behaviour with wider systems such as healthcare, education, public health, work, family life, and community support.
  • Internationally, health psychology is relevant in contexts where prevention, patient communication, chronic illness, lifestyle behaviour, and mental resilience are part of everyday healthcare practice.

What are the main reasons for being active in the field of health psychology?

  • The field offers a grounded way to understand why people adopt, avoid, maintain, or struggle with health-related behaviours.
  • It is relevant in societies facing chronic disease, ageing populations, stress-related complaints, unequal access to care, and changing public health needs.
  • Study or internship experience abroad can show how culture, family systems, healthcare structures, and social norms shape health behaviour.
  • The discipline often attracts people who want to connect psychological knowledge with practical questions in hospitals, clinics, schools, workplaces, and communities.
  • It provides a useful perspective for understanding prevention, treatment adherence, recovery, coping, and communication between patients and professionals.

What skills do you need to participate in health psychology?

  • To analyse: health psychology requires careful interpretation of behaviour, symptoms, social context, research findings, and the interaction between mental and physical health.
  • To be empathic: the field often involves people facing pain, uncertainty, illness, stigma, or lifestyle changes that are difficult to sustain.
  • To communicate: clear communication matters when translating psychological insights into patient education, prevention programmes, or cooperation with healthcare teams.
  • To be aware of your surroundings: health behaviour is shaped by culture, family expectations, income, work conditions, healthcare access, and local beliefs about illness.
  • To plan: interventions, research projects, patient support, and public health activities usually depend on structured preparation and realistic follow-up.

.....read more
Access: 
Public
What is self-esteem?

What is self-esteem?

Self-esteem refers to an individual's overall sense of worth and value. It encompasses how you perceive yourself, your confidence in your abilities, and your feelings of competence. Self-esteem is a complex and multifaceted concept. It's influenced by various factors, including:

  • Experiences: Your successes, failures, and how others treat you throughout life.
  • Thoughts: How you talk to yourself and your internal beliefs about yourself.
  • Emotions: How you feel about yourself, including feelings of confidence, shame, or insecurity.
  • Comparisons: How you compare yourself to others, which can be both positive and negative.

What are the main features of self-esteem?

  • Self-worth: A belief in your inherent value as a person.
  • Self-confidence: A trust in your abilities to handle challenges and achieve goals.
  • Self-acceptance: Embracing your strengths and weaknesses without harsh judgment.
  • Self-efficacy: A belief in your capability to accomplish specific tasks.

Why is self-esteem important?

High self-esteem is crucial for overall well-being. It can positively impact:

  • Mental health: Lower rates of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
  • Physical health: Better health habits and adherence to medical advice.
  • Relationships: Stronger and healthier connections with others.
  • Motivation: Increased drive to pursue goals and overcome challenges.
  • Resilience: Greater ability to bounce back from setbacks.

How is self-esteem applied in practice?

There are many ways to build and maintain healthy self-esteem, including:

  • Positive self-talk: Talking to yourself in a kind and encouraging way.
  • Celebrating accomplishments: Acknowledging your successes, big or small.
  • Setting realistic goals: Challenging yourself without setting unrealistic expectations.
  • Developing skills: Learning new things that boost your confidence.
  • Practicing self-care: Taking care of your physical and mental health.
  • Setting boundaries: Knowing your limits and saying no when needed.
  • Surrounding yourself with supportive people: Building positive relationships.

Practical example

Imagine someone overcoming their fear of public speaking by practicing positive self-talk, taking a public speaking course, and gradually delivering small presentations. As their skills and confidence grow, their self-esteem around public speaking improves.

Critical comments

  • Cultural Differences: Concepts of self-esteem may vary across cultures.
  • External Influences: Social media and societal pressures can negatively impact self-esteem.
  • Obsessive Focus: An unhealthy preoccupation with self-esteem can be counterproductive.
Access: 
Public
What is personal identity?

What is personal identity?

Personal identity refers to the unique characteristics that define who you are, persisting over time. It's the sense of being the same person throughout your life, despite changes in your body, thoughts, and experiences. Philosophers have debated the nature of personal identity for centuries. Two main theories prevail:

  • Psychological Theories: Focus on mental continuity, like memories and character traits, that connect your past, present, and future selves.
  • Bodily Theories: Emphasize the physical body as the foundation of personal identity.

Most likely, personal identity is a complex combination of both mental and physical aspects.

What are the main features of personal identity?

  • Uniqueness: You are distinct from all other individuals.
  • Sameness: You possess a core sense of self that persists over time.
  • Narrative Unity: Your life experiences weave a coherent story about who you are.
  • Psychological Continuity: Your memories, beliefs, and values connect your past, present, and future selves.

Why is personal identity important?

A strong sense of personal identity is crucial for:

  • Meaning and Purpose: Understanding who you are helps you find meaning in life.
  • Self-Esteem: Feeling connected to a consistent self fosters self-worth and confidence.
  • Decision-Making: Knowing your values guides your choices and actions.
  • Relationships: Your identity shapes how you interact with others.
  • Sense of Belonging: Feeling connected to a group or community strengthens your identity.

How is personal identity applied in practice?

Understanding personal identity can be applied in various ways:

  • Personal Growth: Exploring your interests, values, and beliefs helps you define your identity.
  • Mental Health: Examining your self-concept can help address identity confusion.
  • Legal Issues: Concepts of personal identity are relevant in legal matters like inheritance or right to life.
  • Social Justice: Understanding identity helps combat discrimination based on race, gender, or other factors.

Practical example

Imagine someone who identifies as a musician. Throughout their life, they may learn new instruments, change musical styles, and experience physical changes. However, their core passion for music remains, connecting their past, present, and future selves as a musician.

Critical comments

  • Theories Don't Capture Everything: Existing theories might not fully explain complex identity issues like transgender experiences.
  • Cultural Differences: Concepts of personal identity can vary across cultures.
  • Fluid and Dynamic: Identity can evolve over time due to life experiences.
Access: 
Public
What is cultural identity?

What is cultural identity?

Cultural identity refers to the sense of belonging to a particular culture or group. It's a complex web of shared characteristics that shape your beliefs, values, practices, and behaviors. Cultural identity is shaped by various factors, including:

  • Ethnicity: Your racial or national background.
  • Religion: Your spiritual beliefs and practices.
  • Language: The way you communicate and express yourself.
  • Social customs: Traditions, rituals, and etiquette specific to your culture.
  • Values: The principles considered important within your cultural group.

What are the main features of cultural identity?

  • Shared Heritage: Connection to a common history, ancestry, or traditions.
  • Sense of Belonging: Feeling part of a larger group with shared experiences.
  • Cultural Practices: Engaging in activities, rituals, or customs specific to your culture.
  • Values and Beliefs: Adhering to principles and worldviews shared by your cultural group.
  • Dynamic and Evolving: Cultural identity can change and adapt over time due to interactions with other cultures.

Why is cultural identity important?

A strong cultural identity offers several benefits:

  • Self-Esteem and Belonging: Feeling connected to a cultural group fosters self-worth and acceptance.
  • Sense of Purpose and Meaning: Cultural traditions and values provide a framework for understanding the world.
  • Social Support: Cultural communities offer a network of support and shared experiences.
  • Cultural Preservation: Participating in traditions helps keep your culture alive for future generations.
  • Understanding Others: It fosters empathy and appreciation for different cultures.

How is cultural identity applied in practice?

Cultural identity plays a role in various aspects of life:

  • Upbringing and Family Traditions: Family customs and practices shape your cultural identity.
  • Food and Language: Culinary traditions and speaking your native language connect you to your culture.
  • Religious Observances: Participating in religious practices strengthens your cultural identity.
  • Celebrating Cultural Events: Holidays and festivals connect you to your cultural heritage.
  • Promoting Cultural Awareness: Sharing your culture with others fosters understanding and appreciation.

Practical example

Imagine someone who identifies as Korean American. They participate in Korean traditions at home, celebrate Korean holidays, and enjoy Korean food. While they also identify as American, their Korean heritage remains an important part of their cultural identity.

Critical comments

  • Oversimplification: Cultural identity is multifaceted and not always clear-cut.
  • Dominant vs. Marginalized Cultures: The experiences of dominant and marginalized cultures can differ significantly.
  • Individual vs. Group Identity: While cultural identity is shared within a group, individuals may express it differently.
Access: 
Public
Access: 
Public

Summaries & Study assistance

Summaries: the best textbooks for positive psychology, stress and health summarized

Summaries: the best textbooks for positive psychology, stress and health summarized

Summaries and study assistance with Positive psychology, stress and health

Table of content

  • Summary with the book: Capita Selecta in Clinical Psychology by Wessel and Aan het Rot - 2nd edition
  • Summary with the book: Health Psychology by Taylor - 10th edition
  • Summary with the book: Introduction to Health Psychology of Morrison and Bennetth - 5th edition
  • Summary with the book: Introduction to Personality, Clinical and Health Psychology of Custom edition UL - 1st edition
  • Summary with the book: Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature of Larsen a.o. - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: Stress and Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions by Lovallo - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: The Acclaimed Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping by Sapolsky - 3rd edition

About Positive psychology, stress and health

  • Positive psychology is the scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. It focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to happiness, well-being, and resilience. Stress is a physiological and psychological response to challenging or demanding situations. Health refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Summaries: the best textbooks for psychodiagnostics and psychological communication summarized

Summaries: the best textbooks for psychodiagnostics and psychological communication summarized

Summaries and study assistance with Psychodiagnostics and psychological communication

Table of content

  • Summary with the book: Abnormal Psychology by Nolen-Hoeksema - 7th edition
  • Summary with the book: Capita Selecta in Clinical Psychology by Wessel and Aan het Rot - 2nd edition
  • Summary with the book: Intelligence and intelligence tests by Kessels
  • Summary with the book: Motivational Interviewing and Self–Determination Theory
  • Summary with the book: Psychological diagnostics in health care by Luteijn and Barelds - 1st edition
  • Summary with the book: Psychological Communication: Theories, Roles and Skills for Counsellors by Van der Molen a.o. - 2nd edition
  • Summary with the book: Psychological Testing and Assessment Custom Edition University of Leiden by Van der Molen a.o.
  • Summary with the book: Psychopathology: Research, Assessment and Treatment in Clinical Psychology by Davey - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: The First Interview by Morrison - 4th edition

About Psychodiagnostics and psychological communication

  • Psychodiagnostics is the process of evaluating individuals' psychological functioning through the use of various assessment tools and techniques. It involves gathering information about a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to make a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan. Psychological communication refers to the interaction between a mental health professional and a client, involving the use of verbal and nonverbal cues to build rapport, understand the client's perspective, and facilitate therapeutic change.
...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Summaries: the best textbooks for psychopathology and abnormal behavior summarized

Summaries: the best textbooks for psychopathology and abnormal behavior summarized

Summaries and study assistance with Psychopathology and abnormal behavior

Table of content

  • Summary with the book: Abnormal Psychology: The Science and Treatment of Psychological Disorders by Kring a.o. - 14th edition
  • Summary with the book: Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology by Wicks-Nelson and Israel - 8th edition
  • Summary with the book: Abnormal Psychology by Nolen-Hoeksema - 7th edition
  • Summary with the book: Addictions by Teesson a.o. - 2nd edition
  • Summary with the book: Anxiety by Rachman - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: Psychopathology: Research, Assessment and Treatment in Clinical Psychology by Davey - 3rd edition

About Psychopathology and abnormal behavior

  • Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, focusing on their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Abnormal behavior refers to patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that deviate significantly from cultural norms and cause distress or impairment in daily life.
...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Summaries: the best textbooks for psychotherapy and treatment summarized

Summaries: the best textbooks for psychotherapy and treatment summarized

Summaries and study assistance with Psychotherapy and treatment

Table of content

  • Summary with the book: Abnormal Psychology by Kring a.o. - 13th edition
  • Summary with the book: Behavioral Interventions in Cognitive Behavior Therapy by Farmer and Chapman
  • Summary with the book: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Basics and Beyond by Beck - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Core Principles for Practice by O'Donohue and Fisher - 1st edition
  • Summary with the book: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Families by Graham and Reynolds - 3rd edition
  • Summary with the book: Current Psychotherapies by Wedding and Corsini - 10th edition (custom UL edition)
  • Summary with the book: Essential Research Findings in Counselling and Psychotherapy by Cooper - 1st edition
  • Summary with the book: Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Therapy by Labbate a.o. -  6th edition
  • Summary with the book: The Psychology of Attitudes & Attitude Change by Maio a.o. -  3rd edition

About Psychotherapy and treatment

  • Psychotherapy is a form of talk therapy that involves a trained therapist using psychological techniques to help individuals understand and change their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Treatment is a broader term that refers to any intervention or therapy used to alleviate symptoms of a mental disorder and improve overall functioning.
...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Summaries: the best scientific articles for clinical and health psychology summarized

Summaries: the best scientific articles for clinical and health psychology summarized

Article summaries clinical and health psychology

What is this page about?

  • Type: summaries of scientific articles and academic papers
  • Language: English
  • Access: public

Where to go next?

Read ahead for the summaries per article

...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public
Exams: Practice exams and study tips for Clinical and health psychology

Exams: Practice exams and study tips for Clinical and health psychology

Practice exams and study tips for Clinical and health psychology

Examtests with Introduction to Personality, Clinical and Health Psychology by - 1st Custom LU Edition

Examtests with Introduction to Personality, Clinical and Health Psychology by - 1st Custom LU Edition

What does abnormality mean? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

As what kind of theory of abnormality could the old Chinese theory of the breath of life be labeled?

  1. A biological theory

  2. A supernatural theory

  3. A psycho-social theory

MC question 2

Which term is described here? Behavior that is followed by positive consequences will be repeated more often than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.

  1. Classical conditioning

  2. Operant conditioning

  3. Learning through observation

  4. Learning through punishment and rewarding

MC question 3

What does 'cultural relativism' mean?

  1. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

  2. That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.

Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Name the four D's of abnormality and explain what they mean.

Answers MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.

MC question 2

B. Operant conditioning

MC question 3

A. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness.

  • Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
  • Behavior and feelings that cause distress to the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
  • Strongly deviant behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
  • Behaviors that are dangerous to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.

Which theories and treatments of abnormality exist? - ExamTests 2

MC-questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

Which approach to explaining psychological complaints is based

.....read more
Access: 
Public
ExamTests with Psychological Communication: Theories, Roles and Skills for Counsellors by Lang and Van der Molen - 2nd edition

ExamTests with Psychological Communication: Theories, Roles and Skills for Counsellors by Lang and Van der Molen - 2nd edition

Questions - Question 1 to 5

Question 1

In your own words, explain the difference between the diagnosis-prescription model and the collaboration model. (Chapter 2)

Question 2

What are the disadvantages of the diagnosis-prescription model? And what about the collaboration model? (Chapter 2)

Question 3

What is central to Rogers' theory? (Chapter 3)

  1. Behavioral change
  2. Confrontation
  3. Self-actualization
  4. Denial of problems

Question 4

What are the critiques that have come to Rogers' theory? (Chapter 3)

Question 5

Fill in: Cognitive psychology deals with the way people… (Chapter 3)

  1. Record, process, and use information
  2. Show their behavior in society
  3. Deal with each other in groups
  4. Try to avoid information that goes against their worldview

Answer suggestions - Question 1 to 5

Question 1

The diagnosis-prescription model is a short, relatively objective expert method in which the psychologist makes a rapid diagnosis about the client based on a number of questions. In the collaborative model method, the emphasis is on collaboration and the psychologist allows the client room to tell his story in order to get to the core of the problem and a solution. The client is asked to actively think about solutions.

Question 2

Diagnosis-prescription model: the client has little room for this, and sometimes a diagnosis is made too quickly.

Collaborative model: the client can resist because he/she only wants advice

Question 3

C. Self-actualization.

Question 4

In the first place, psychologists in particular find his ideas about individual development too positive. Identifying problems is not sufficient for solving problems. The theory is not for everyone, and the goodness of man is determined by society.

Question 5

A. Record, process, and use information.

More ExamTests - Questions 6 to 15 (Exclusive for members with full online access)

  • If you're a JoHo member, log in and read below for ExamTests with chapter 6 through 15.
  • If you're not yet a member, sign up here first.
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Introduction to Health Psychology by Morrison and Bennett - 4th edition

Examtests with Introduction to Health Psychology by Morrison and Bennett - 4th edition

What is health? - ExamTests 1

Questions with chapter 1

Question 1

According to the World Health Organisation (2002), which of the following is not in the top five killer diseases?

  1. Heart disease

  2. Cirrhosis of the liver

  3. Lung cancer

  4. HIV infection

Question 2

A key element of the biomedical model of illness is that:

  1. There is a direct causal relationship between illness, its symptoms or underlying pathology.

  2. There is a pathogenic process in all diseases.

  3. Removal of pathogens will lead to restored health.

  4. All of the above.

Question 3

According to Peto and Lopez (1990), what percentage of deaths due to cancer may be attributable, in part, to our behaviour?

  1. 18 percent

  2. 50 percent

  3. 75 percent

  4. 45 percent

Question 4

According to Katbamna, Bhakta & Parker (2000), Hindus and Sikhs frequently consider disability to be:

  1. An accident of God

  2. Punishment for sins an individual has committed in their past life

  3. Punishment for past sins within the family

  4. A result of genetic factors

Question 5

Bowling and Iliffe (2006) describe 5 'models' of successful ageing. Which one is not one of their models?

  1. Broader biochemical model

  2. They are all models identified by Bowling and Iliffe

  3. Psychological resources model

  4. Social functioning model

Question 6

Blaxter (1990) found that whilst people thought of health in different ways, ______ of those surveyed could not think of anyone that they would consider as being 'very healthy'.

  1. 45%

  2. 5%

  3. 30%

  4. 15%

Question 7

The root word from which the word 'health' is derived is:

  1. Wholeness

  2. Heal

  3. Happiness

  4. Holistic

Question 8

The biopsychosocial model of health:

  1. Parallels the medical model

  2. Denies the role of physical causes of illness

  3. Broadens the medical model

  4. Challenges the medical model

Question 9

Why may Bauman's taxonomy of health be inaccurate?

  1. The sample she used only included young adults.

  2. The sample she used were diagnosed with serious illness.

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature by Larsen a.o. - 3rd edition

Examtests with Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature by Larsen a.o. - 3rd edition

What is personality psychology? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

What is the study of a single individual an example of?

  1. Nomothetic research.
  2. Correlational research.
  3. Idiographic research.
  4. Cognitive psychological research.

MC question 2

Which of the following possibilities makes a typical statement about character?

  1. "I am big and strong."
  2. "You can rely on me."
  3. "I come up with solutions to problems."
  4. "I respond quickly and energetically."

MC question 3

Psychological mechanisms differ from properties in that mechanisms:

  1. Refer more to processes.
  2. Are less stable.
  3. Do not include decision-making rules.
  4. All the above answers are correct.

MC question 4

The dispositional area assumes that change occurs:

  1. When the environment changes.
  2. By therapy.
  3. By the way properties are expressed.
  4. Because properties change.

MC question 5

Personality psychologists believe that traits:

  1. Describe behavior.
  2. Cause behavior.
  3. Answer A and B are both correct.
  4. Answer A and B are both incorrect.

MC question 6

According to the intrapsychic approach, the source of all psychological problems lies in:

  1. The unconscious.
  2. (Bad) environments.
  3. Chemical imbalance in the brain.
  4. None of the above answers are correct.

MC question 7

The dispositional domain deals with personality problems:

  1. By psychoanalysis.
  2. By cognitive therapy.
  3. By fitting in the right environments.
  4. By changing relationships between reward and punishment.

MC question 8

Which of the following concepts is a subcategory of personality?

  1. Individual differences.
  2. Character.
  3. Intelligence.
  4. The Big Five.

MC question 9

Which domain relies most on the statistical method to identify fundamental properties?

  1. The dispositional domain.
  2. The biological domain.
  3. The domain of the adaptation.
  4. The social and cultural domain.

MC question 10

The intrapsychic approach sees behavior as:

  1. Especially random.
  2. Mainly caused by environment.
  3. Mainly determined by mental powers.
  4. None of the above answers are correct.

MC question 11

A dispositional researcher would expect someone who is friendly at work to:

  1. Be friendly at home.
  2. Be friendly in social situations.
  3. Answer A and B are both correct.

MC question 12

A talkative person:

  1. Will always talk more than a quiet person.
  2. Can never be quiet.
  3. Talk more than a quiet person in the theater, for example.
  4. Talks more than a quiet person
.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature of Larsen and Buss - 2nd international edition

Examtests with Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature of Larsen and Buss - 2nd international edition

What is personality? - ExamTests 1 (2)

Open questions

Question 1

Define the concept of personality.

Question 2

Which three parts consist of psychological mechanisms?

Question 3

Identify the three levels of personality analysis.

Question 4

Describe the nomothetic and idiographic research method.

Question 5

Which six research areas, from different angles, are aimed at gaining insight into the nature of man?

Question 6

Which three requirements are placed on personality theories?

MC questions

Question 1

What is the study of a single individual an example of?

  1. Nomothetic research

  2. Correlational research

  3. Idiographic research

  4. Cognitive psychological research

Question 2

Which of the following possibilities makes a typical statement about character?

  1. I am big and strong

  2. You can rely on me

  3. I come up with solutions to problems

  4. I respond quickly and energetically

Question 3

Psychological mechanisms differ from properties in that mechanisms:

  1. Referring more to processes

  2. Be less stable

  3. No decision-making rules

  4. All the above answers are correct

Question 4

The dispositional area assumes that change occurs

  1. When the environment changes

  2. By therapy

  3. By the way properties are expressed

  4. Because properties change

Question 5

Personality psychologists believe that traits:

  1. Describe behavior

  2. Cause behavior

  3. Answer A and B are both correct

  4. Answer A and B are both incorrect

Question 6

According to the intrapsychic approach (FREUD!), The source of all psychological problems lies in:

  1. The unconscious

  2. (Bad) environments

  3. Chemical imbalance in the brain

  4. None of the above answers are correct

Question 7

The dispositional domain deals with personality problems:

  1. by psychoanalysis

  2. by cognitive therapy

  3. by fitting in the right environments

  4. by changing relationships between reward and punishment

Question 8

Which of the following concepts is a subcategory of personality?

  1. Individual differences

  2. Character

  3. Intelligence

  4. The Big Five

Question 9

Which domain relies most on the statistical method to identify fundamental properties?

  1. The dispositional

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: The Acclaimed Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping by Sapolsky - 3rd edition

Examtests with Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: The Acclaimed Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping by Sapolsky - 3rd edition

What basic principles of human functioning are important? - ExamTests 1

Questions

Question 1

What is allostase?

Question 2

Which of the following is no function of the biological 'fight or flight' stress response?

  1. Limiting damage
  2. Transporting oxygen to the muscles
  3. Causing negative emotions
  4. Saving energy by suppressing unnecessary bodily activities

Question 3

During the stress response the sympathetic nervous system is active / deactivated and the parasympathetic nervous system is active / deactivated.

Answer indication

  1. Allostase is a balanced state of the body. Attaining the state of allostase in the body happens through the secretion of stress hormones and mediators by the brain.
  2. C.
  3. Active, deactivated.

What happens in the body during a stress response? - ExamTests 2

Answers

Question 1

From an evolutionary perspective, what does one try to do in the case of a stress response?

Question 2

True or untrue: The adrenal gland is responsible for excreting adrenalin.

Question 3

What order of events is correct?

  1. CRH > ACTH > cortisol
  2. ACTH > CRH > cortisol
  3. ACTH > cortisol > CRH
  4. CRH > cortisol > ACTH

Question 4

Why does the body suppress the production of insulin during a stress response?

Answer indication

  1. Fight or flight.
  2. True.
  3. A.
  4. In order to
.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Abnormal Psychology by Nolen-Hoeksema - 7th edition

Examtests with Abnormal Psychology by Nolen-Hoeksema - 7th edition

What does abnormality mean? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions

Question 1

As what kind of theory of abnormality could the old Chinese theory of the breath of life be labeled?

  1. A biological theory

  2. A supernatural theory

  3. A psycho-social theory

Question 2

Which term is described here? Behavior that is followed by positive consequences will be repeated more often than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.

  1. Classical conditioning

  2. Operant conditioning

  3. Learning through observation

  4. Learning through punishment and rewarding

Question 3

What does 'cultural relativism' mean?

  1. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

  2. That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.

Open questions

Question 1

Name the four D's of abnormality and explain what they mean.

Answer indication MC-questions

Question 1

A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.

Question 2

B. Operant conditioning

Question 3

A. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

Answer indication open questions

Question 1

Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness.

  • Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
  • Behavior and feelings that cause distress to the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
  • Strongly deviant behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
  • Behaviors that are dangerous to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with the 1st edition of Psychological diagnostics in health care by Luteijn & Barelds

Examtests with the 1st edition of Psychological diagnostics in health care by Luteijn & Barelds

How does the diagnostic process proceed? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

Question 1

What is a Diagnostic Process?

  1. A non-scientifically regulated thinking and doing process that leads to responsible statements about the client's behavior or a problem.

  2. A scientifically regulated thought process that leads to responsible statements about the client's behavior or a problem.

  3. A scientifically regulated thinking and doing process that leads to responsible statements about the behavior or a problem of the client.

  4. A scientifically regulated doing process that leads to responsible statements about the client's behavior or a problem.

Question 2

Which statement is correct?

  1. Only the referrer's request is important

  2. Only the client's request for help is important

  3. Both the referrer's request and the client's request for help are important

Open questions with chapter 1

Question 1

What are the five basic questions within clinical psychodiagnostics?

Question 2

Which phases do you go through within the diagnostic cycle?

Question 3

What steps does the diagnostic examination consist of?

Answers MC-questions with chapter 1

Question 1

C.

Question 2

C. Both the referrer's request and the client's request for help are important.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 1

Question 1

Recognition, explanation, prediction, indication, evaluation.

Question 2

The diagnostic cycle has the following phases: observation, induction, deduction, testing and evaluation.

Question 3

The diagnostic examination consists of six steps: (1) hypothesis formation; (2) choice of research resources; (3) formulation of testable predictions; (4) administration and scoring of the tests; (5) argumentation with a summary of the results of the research; and (6) report.

How do we measure the quality of diagnostics? - ExamTests 2

Open questions with chapter 2

Question 1

Which three frames of reference are there within psychodiagnostics?

Question 2

What does Thurstone's simple-structure idea entail?

Question 3

There are 7 criteria by which tests are assessed according to the APA. Give 3 of these criteria.

Question 4

What is the difference between a clinically and statistically oriented diagnostician?

Question 5

There are four different points in the information processing process where biases, also known as heuristics, can occur. As an example in the acquisition of information, namely

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with the custom edition University of Leiden of Psychological Testing and Assessment by Van der Molen et al.

Examtests with the custom edition University of Leiden of Psychological Testing and Assessment by Van der Molen et al.

Which applications and consequences are part of psychological testing? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

Question 1

What is the aim of criterion-referenced tests?

  1. The test person's score is compared with a relevant standardized sample.
  2. The score of the test subject is compared to clearly defined criteria
  3. The score of the test subject is compared with an earlier score of the same test subject on a comparable test.
  4. None of the above

Question 2

Standards are intended to...:

  1. Be able to predict deviations.
  2. Determine the validity of a test.
  3. Compare the scores of participants.
  4. Determine the reliability of a test.

Question 3

What is meant by informed consent?

  1. The method or test that is most common at the time of collection.
  2. A report that is written directly and concretely.
  3. The subjects are informed about the reasons for the test.
  4. The researcher has sufficient knowledge to lead the test taking.

Question 4

What is true about criterion-referenced tests?

  1. Scores are compared with pre-set limits
  2. Scores are compared with the performance levels of others
  3. The tests are passed by everyone
  4. None of the above answers is true

Question 5

What is the purpose of standards?

  1. Providing an average performance indicator
  2. The prevalence of high and low scores
  3. Help determine deviations from the expectation
  4. All the above-mentioned options

Question 6

It is important that the test leader takes care of 'report', what is this?

  1. That the test leader keeps a comprehensive report and later evaluates with the client
  2. That the test leader ensures that the client is well informed about the test
  3. That the test leader creates a good rapport with participants.
  4. None of the above answers

Answers MC-questions with chapter 1

Question 1

B. The score of the test subject is compared to clearly defined criteria

Question 2

C. Compare the scores of participants.

Question 3

C. The subjects are informed about the reasons for the test.

Question 4

A. Scores are compared with pre-set

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Abnormal Psychology: The Science and Treatment of Psychological Disorders by Kring e.a. - 14th edition

Examtests with Abnormal Psychology: The Science and Treatment of Psychological Disorders by Kring e.a. - 14th edition

What is the historical overview of psychopathology? - ExamTests 1

Questions

Question 1

If you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big sweet orange, the saliva might already be in your mouth. This saliva development is an example of a:

  1. Unconditioned response.
  2. Conditioned response.
  3. Conditioned stimulus.

Question 2

What aspect of the definition of psychopathology ('psychological abnormality') relates to the inability to take care of oneself and work productively in daily life?

  1. Distress.
  2. Deviancy.
  3. Dysfunction.

Answer indication

  1. B. Conditioned response.

  2. C. Dysfunction.

What are the current paradigms in psychopathology? - ExamTests 2

Questions

Question 1

The transfer of electrical impulses from neuron to neuron connects small spaces. These spaces are referred to as:

  1. Dendrites.
  2. Axons.
  3. Synapses.

Question 2

The multicultural perspective in psychopathology is especially emphasized nowadays by:

  1. The specific values and norms that exist in a given cultural context.
  2. The limitations of a cultural-relavistic vision.
  3. The ethnocultural disadvantage of certain minority groups.

Answer indication

  1. C. Synapses.

  2. A. The specific values and norms that exist in a given cultural context.

What do diagnosis and assessment include?- ExamTests 3

Questions

Question 1

In addition to physiological symptoms of anxiety (as in the case of N.K.), GAS is also characterized by something else. Namely:

  1. Lots of worries.
  2. Less affective.
  3. Little appetite.

Question 2

Which of the following alternatives indicates the lack of validity of clinical interviews?

  1. The respondent would react differently with another interviewer.
  2. Interviewers would be strongly guided by their
.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology by Wicks-Nelson & Israel - 8th edition - Exclusive

Examtests with Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology by Wicks-Nelson & Israel - 8th edition - Exclusive

When is behavior abnormal? - ExamTest 1

MC questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

Which term is described here?

There is a clinically significant pattern in an individual, this can be done on a psychological and behavioral level.

  1. Abnormal behavior

  2. A disorder

  3. Psychopathology

  4. Development standard

MC question 2

Which of the following statements are true?

  1. Disorders are more common in men than in women.

  2. Men suffer more from externalizing problem behavior and women from internalizing problem behavior.

    1. Only claim 1 is true.

    2. Only claim 2 is true.

    3. Both statements are true.

    4. Both statements are not true.

MC question 3

To which person does the following statement belong?

Different symptoms together form syndromes that probably have a common biological basis.

  1. Freud

  2. Watson

  3. Thorndike

  4. Kraeplin

MC question 4

Freud stated that we all have a (1) ID , a (2) ego and a (3) superego. Put the correct definition with the correct number.

  1. The problem-solving part of the mind

  2. The impulsive part

  3. The part that controls the unacceptable impulses

MC question 5

Arrange the phases of Freud's psychosexual stage theory in the correct order.

  1. Phallic phase

  2. Oral phase

  3. Genital phase

  4. Latent phase

  5. Anal phase

MC question 6

To which of the following terms does the following definition belong:

Mental disorders are due to an imbalance or failure of the body.

  1. Demonology.

  2. Somatogenesis.

  3. Behaviorism.

  4. Psychoanalytical theory.

MC question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. It is important when working with young people and their families, to develop and verify prevention programs.

  2. It is not important to take the level of development of young people into account.

  3. Observation is not common when working with young people and their families.

  4. It is more important to collect data than to be sensitive to family roles and social status.

Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Name 4 of the 8 indicators of a

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Examtests with the 1st Custom UL edition of Current Psychotherapies by Wedding and Corsini

Examtests with the 1st Custom UL edition of Current Psychotherapies by Wedding and Corsini

What psychotherapeutic views are there? - ExamTests 1

Questions with chapter 1

Question 1

The psychotherapeutic term “dynamic” was first used by:

  1. Sigmund Freud.

  2. Hippocrates.

  3. Franz Anton Mesmer.

  4. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

Question 2

Herman von Helmholtz described the unconscious reconstruction of what our past taught us about an object as:

  1. Restructuring objects.

  2. Unconscious inference.

  3. Psychic stimulation.

  4. Cognitive discovery.

Question 3

Hellenist physicians believed the organ contributing to mental illness was the:

  1. Brain.

  2. Heart.

  3. Liver.

  4. Blood.

Question 4

Jungian therapy, based on the work of Moritz Benedikt, underscores the importance of:

  1. Rewarding positive behavior.

  2. Unconditional positive regard.

  3. Cognitive distortions.

  4. Purging pathogenic secrets.

Question 5

The idea that nonlinear messages are systematically sent between the unconscious and the conscious in human interactions was developed by:

  1. Carl Gustav Carus.

  2. Franz Anton Mesmer.

  3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

  4. Hippocrates.

Question 6

Due to multicultural differences, segments of the population would likely benefit from:

  1. Indigenized psychotherapies.

  2. Exporting Euro-American psychotherapists.

  3. Accepting a universal approach to psychotherapy.

  4. Abandoning cultural philosophies.

Question 7

The organicist tradition refers to scientists who were:

  1. Somatic focused.

  2. Integrating music into therapy.

  3. Environmentalists.

  4. Lab-based.

Question 8

Corsini illustrates a change in an inmate’s life after learning he had a high IQ. This story demonstrates that psychotherapy can be broadly defined as any:

  1. Technique which teaches a patient a new skill.

  2. Interaction between a therapist and a patient.

  3. Self-concept-altering experience.

  4. Interpretation provided to a patient.

Question 9

The expression of certain genes that result from their activation by specific but common environmental events is referred to as:

  1. Epigenetics.

  2. Somatiker.

  3. Psychiker.

  4. Neuronal decay.

Question 10

Emil Kraepelin’s work focused heavily on:

  1. Classifications of diseases.

  2. Use of hypnosis.

  3. Surgical approaches to mental illness.

  4. Multicultural variants of illness.

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Summaries: home page

Home page for the use of summaries on WorldSupporter

What is this page about?

  • Contents: information about using and finding summaries of study books, scientific articles, academic concepts and practice exams on WorldSupporter
  • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
  • Languages: English, Dutch
  • Access: Public

Where to go next?

What to find below?

  • Summaries per study and study field
  • Summaries per type and form
    • How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?
    • How and why would you use summaries?
    • Finding summaries practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
    • Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
  • Main theme pages for learn and study
  • FAQ: questions and answers about summaries
...more on this page, or read on below >>
Access: 
Public

Image

Related competences, skills and values
Study skills

Study skills

Study skills

To be empathic

To be empathic

To be empathic

Discover or develop competencies, qualities, traits and signals

To be stress resistant
To communicate

To communicate

To communicate

discover or develop competencies, qualities, traits and signals

Skills: suggestions and summaries on academic skills

Suggestions and summaries of Worldsupporters on academic skill improvement

 

Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

What is critical thinking? - Chapter 1

[TOC]

What is the importance of critical thinking?

For us humans, there is an importance in critical thinking because it aids us in making good decisions. Often we do not realise how irrational our decisions can be, and this is where critical thinking comes in. Critical thinking basically means thinking about our thinking. We make use of logic and reason to determine whether or not a claim is true, if the reasoning behind it is sound and if we can draw a correlation or connection. It is not necessarily about coming up with claim as much as evaluating the correctness of claims that have been made and try to form a proper conclusion.

To achieve this, we evaluate our thinking on the basis of rationality. When we understand how critical thinking works, we can use this knowledge to be critical in multiple subjects and situations in our daily lives. It is, however, important to understand that criticising other people’s claims and ideas does not mean that we want to attack other people, only that we are trying to find the logic in them. Also, criticising other people in not always a case of critical thinking. People can criticise in the most illogical and unreasonable ways, without considering whether or not their claims are true or their reasoning sound.

When we come to a conclusion at the end of a reasoning, we call that a belief. Beliefs are prepositional and can be either true or false. Beliefs can be compared to a judgement or an opinion. When a belief is stated in a declarative way, that is when we start calling it a claim or statement. Claims are things that we can think critically about.

What are important elements of critical thinking?

Within critical thinking, there are three important parts: claims, issues and arguments. These parts can be analysed once they have been determined in conversation or writing.

Claims

Claims are things that we write or declare, to bring across information. With claims we often deal with statements, opinions or beliefs. Claims can be true

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Chapter 1: Literature

 

Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

Image

How to triumph over the theory of statistics (without understanding everything)?

Stats of students

  • The first years that you follow statistics, it is often a case of taking knowledge for granted and simply trying to pass the courses. Don't worry if you don't understand everything right away: in later years it will fall into place, and you will see the importance of the theory you had to know before.
  • The book you need to study may be difficult to understand at first. Be patient: later in your studies, the effort you put in now will pay off.
  • Be a Gestalt Scientist! In other words, recognize that the whole of statistics is greater than the sum of its parts. It is very easy to get hung up on nit-picking details and fail to see the forest because of the trees
  • Tip: Precise use of language is important in research. Try to reproduce the theory verbatim (i.e. learn by heart) where possible. With that, you don't have to understand it yet, you show that you've been working on it, you can't go wrong by using the wrong word and you practice for later reporting of research.
  • Tip: Keep study material, handouts, sheets, and other publications from your teacher for future reference.

How to score points with formulas of statistics (without learning them all)?

  • The direct relationship between data and results consists of mathematical formulas. These follow their own logic, are written in their own language, and can therefore be complex to comprehend.
  • If you don't understand the math behind statistics, you don't understand statistics. This does not have to be a problem, because statistics is an applied science from which you can also get excellent results without understanding. None of your teachers will understand all the statistical formulas.
  • Please note: you will probably have to know and understand a number of formulas, so that you can demonstrate that you know the principle of how statistics work. Which formulas you need to know differs from subject to subject and lecturer to lecturer, but in general these are relatively simple formulas that occur frequently, and your lecturer will likely tell you (often several times) that you should know this formula.
  • Tip: if you want to recognize statistical symbols, you can use: Recognizing commonly used statistical symbols
  • Tip: have fun with LaTeX! LaTeX code gives us a simple way to write out mathematical formulas and make them look professional. Play with LaTeX. With that, you can include used formulas in your own papers and you learn to understand how a formula is built up – which greatly benefits your understanding and remembering that formula. See also (in Dutch): How to create formulas like a pro on JoHo WorldSupporter?
  • Tip: Are you interested in a career in sciences or programming? Then take your formulas seriously and go through them again after your course.

How to practice your statistics (with minimal effort)?

How to select your data?

  • Your teacher will regularly use a dataset for lessons during the first years of your studying. It is instructive (and can be a lot of fun) to set up your own research for once with real data that is also used by other researchers.
  • Tip: scientific articles often indicate which datasets have been used for the research. There is a good chance that those datasets are valid. Sometimes there are also studies that determine which datasets are more valid for the topic you want to study than others. Make use of datasets other researchers point out.
  • Tip: Do you want an interesting research result? You can use the same method and question, but use an alternative dataset, and/or alternative variables, and/or alternative location, and/or alternative time span. This allows you to validate or falsify the results of earlier research.
  • Tip: for datasets you can look at Discovering datasets for statistical research

How to operationalize clearly and smartly?

  • For the operationalization, it is usually sufficient to indicate the following three things:
    • What is the concept you want to study?
    • Which variable does that concept represent?
    • Which indicators do you select for those variables?
  • It is smart to argue that a variable is valid, or why you choose that indicator.
  • For example, if you want to know whether someone is currently a father or mother (concept), you can search the variables for how many children the respondent has (variable) and then select on the indicators greater than 0, or is not 0 (indicators). Where possible, use the terms 'concept', 'variable', 'indicator' and 'valid' in your communication. For example, as follows: “The variable [variable name] is a valid measure of the concept [concept name] (if applicable: source). The value [description of the value] is an indicator of [what you want to measure].” (ie.: The variable "Number of children" is a valid measure of the concept of parenthood. A value greater than 0 is an indicator of whether someone is currently a father or mother.)

How to run analyses and draw your conclusions?

  • The choice of your analyses depends, among other things, on what your research goal is, which methods are often used in the existing literature, and practical issues and limitations.
  • The more you learn, the more independently you can choose research methods that suit your research goal. In the beginning, follow the lecturer – at the end of your studies you will have a toolbox with which you can vary in your research yourself.
  • Try to link up as much as possible with research methods that are used in the existing literature, because otherwise you could be comparing apples with oranges. Deviating can sometimes lead to interesting results, but discuss this with your teacher first.
  • For as long as you need, keep a step-by-step plan at hand on how you can best run your analysis and achieve results. For every analysis you run, there is a step-by-step explanation of how to perform it; if you do not find it in your study literature, it can often be found quickly on the internet.
  • Tip: Practice a lot with statistics, so that you can show results quickly. You cannot learn statistics by just reading about it.
  • Tip: The measurement level of the variables you use (ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal) largely determines the research method you can use. Show your audience that you recognize this.
  • Tip: conclusions from statistical analyses will never be certain, but at the most likely. There is usually a standard formulation for each research method with which you can express the conclusions from that analysis and at the same time indicate that it is not certain. Use that standard wording when communicating about results from your analysis.
  • Tip: see explanation for various analyses: Introduction to statistics
Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

Study Guide with summaries and study assistance for:

  • Booktitle: Academic Writing Skills
  • Authors: Van der Molen; Ackermann; Osseweijer; Schmidt; van der Wal; de Boer; Polak
  • Edition: 3rd

Summaries expected September 24th

Access: 
Public
Summary of Writing Psychology Research Reports by Starreveld - 1st edition - Exclusive
Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

Does knowledge consist of facts that have come from experience? - Chapter 1

What is the common sense view of science?

In the first four chapters of this book, the statement "science is derived from facts" is critically analyzed. Throughout the book, this statement's meaning changes slightly. Facts are statements about the world that can be sensed. Facts are neither personal opinions nor speculative ideas. If the world is perceived accurately and without prejudice, the facts that are established are, therefore, a reliable and objective basis for science. Scientific knowledge is reliable and objective if the facts guide conclusive reasoning to laws and theories that make up the basis for scientific knowledge. Before the 17th century, science was primarily based on authorities such as the Bible and Aristotle. Due to people like Galileo, this idea changed in the 17th century. People started to see observation as the basis of science.

Empirists (such as Berkeley, Locke, and Hume) and positivists held the idea that we can see facts as indisputably correct through observation. It follows from this reasoning that knowledge derived from this is objective and reliable. However, it is doubtful that science is based on observable facts. The problem that arises following the statement that science can be deduced from the facts relates to:

  1. The nature of the 'facts' and the way in which scientists have access to those facts;
  2. The way in which laws and theories can be derived from the facts, once we know those facts.

Some believe that facts are at the basis of science because they have the following assumptions:

  • Facts are directly accessible through the senses to all unbiased observers;
  • Facts precede the theory and are independent of it;
  • Facts are
.....read more
Access: 
Public
What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

Professional skills in pedagogy encompass the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes that educators and educational professionals need to effectively work with children, young people, and adults. These skills are essential for guiding learning processes, creating safe and stimulating learning environments, and ensuring the optimal development of individuals.

What are the main features of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Scientific Foundation: Skills are based on research in learning, development, and effective teaching practices.
  • Reflection and Critical Thinking: Educators can reflect on their practice, critically evaluate their work, and continuously develop their knowledge and skills.
  • Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication with students, parents, colleagues, and others is crucial. Collaboration is key to creating optimal learning environments.
  • Diversity Awareness: Recognizing and valuing differences, educators can work effectively with learners from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and needs.
  • Ethics and Professionalism: Educators act in accordance with ethical principles and professional codes of conduct.

What are the most important sub-areas of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Instructional Science: Teaching skills, lesson planning, assessment methods, learning processes.
  • Developmental Psychology: Cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children and young people.
  • Educational Sciences: Educational styles, parental involvement, managing challenging behaviors.
  • Classroom Management: Creating safe and stimulating environments, classroom management techniques.
  • Special Education: Supporting learners with special educational needs.

What are the most important concepts of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Learning: How people learn in different ways and how to optimize learning processes.
  • Development: The stages of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
  • Education: The principles and practices of effective teaching.
  • Inclusion: Creating learning environments where all students feel welcome, valued, and challenged.

Who are the most influential figures of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • John Dewey: American philosopher and educator, advocated for experiential learning.
  • Jean Piaget: Swiss psychologist, known for his theory of cognitive development.
  • Lev Vygotsky: Russian psychologist, emphasized the role of social interaction in learning.
  • Paulo Freire: Brazilian educator, proponent of critical pedagogy.
  • Maria Montessori: Italian physician and educator, developer of the Montessori method.

Why is professional skills in pedagogics important?

Professional skills in pedagogy are crucial for:

  • Promoting the optimal development of children, young people, and adults.
  • Guiding effective learning processes.
  • Creating safe and stimulating learning environments.
  • Addressing diversity and inclusion.
  • Acting ethically and professionally.

What are applications of professional skills in pedagogics in practice?

Pedagogical professionals with strong skills work in diverse settings, including:

  • Schools: Teachers, lecturers, educational support staff.
  • Early Childhood Education: Educators, childcare providers.
  • Youth Work: Youth workers, youth coaches.
  • Special Education: Educational support staff, pedagogues.
  • Other Educational Settings: Trainers, instructional designers, curriculum developers.
Access: 
Public

Image

Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

Image

Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad

Psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad: by position

For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:

Psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad: favorite countries and destinations:

What is insurance for studying abroad, and why should you take out specialized travel insurance for your education abroad?

What is insurance for studying abroad?

  • Insurance for studying abroad means that you take out insurance that continues to provide coverage during your studies, your education, and your related activities abroad.
  • Insurance for studying abroad is also referred to as study insurance. This study insurance is specifically for when you go abroad for a long period of time to take courses, study, or conduct research abroad.

Why should you take out specialized travel insurance for a study abroad?

  • Study insurance is specifically designed for studying abroad, whereas regular travel insurance policies may offer coverage on paper but handle this situation differently in practice.
  • Study insurance offers coverage for longer stays than regular (vacation) travel insurance.
  • Study insurance is also suitable for many types of activities, ranging from various sports to hiking at high altitudes.
  • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if you start working during your trip, whether planned or unplanned. If you have not taken out insurance before departure that allows you to work, there is no guarantee that you will be able to take out insurance abroad that provides coverage.
  • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if your own country's health insurance no longer provides coverage.
  • Student insurance also covers your healthcare costs above the rates in your own country; with regular insurance, you have to pay the extra costs yourself.
  • Student insurance can also continue to provide coverage if (study) visa issuers impose additional requirements on how you insure yourself, for example if you are going to the US and applying for a J-1 visa.
  • Student insurance continues to provide coverage if you are staying abroad for a longer period of time and want to visit your own country in between.

What is important to insure when you are going to study abroad?

  • That you have insurance that is valid in the country or countries where you are going to travel and work.
  • That you are adequately insured for the sports and activities you are going to participate in during your period abroad
  • That you are insured for emergency assistance and early return if something happens to you or your immediate family.
  • That your medical expenses are insured up to the actual cost and not just for the standard costs. The costs per medical treatment vary greatly between countries.
  • That you insure your luggage and take sufficient precautions against theft or damage.
  • That you are well insured against personal liability.
  • That you are well insured in case of accidents.
  • That you only insure yourself for legal assistance if there is an immediate reason to do so, unless coverage is already automatically included in the insurance.
  • That you pay close attention to choosing the right coverage when performing work alongside your studies.

Check out more about international insurances

Image

Skills: suggestions, summaries and tips of Worldsupporters on values and skills improvement

Suggestions, summaries and tips of WorldSupporters related to competencies and skills improvement

 

 

What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

Image

What are the 13 preconditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

  1. Help yourself by helping others
  2. Create perspective by opening new doors
  3. Don't give up but care about something
  4. Use your empathic skills
  5. Stay with yourself and leave that herd behind you
  6. Focus on your journey and not your destination
  7. Actively deal with your negative emotions
  8. Appreciate and celebrate your small successes
  9. Let others walk their own path
  10. Establish and maintain social contacts
  11. Feel unlimited and not limited
  12. Discover your qualities, take advantage of your opportunities and avoid cliffs
  13. Seek fulfillment in study, work, travel and the world around you

Signed en researched by

  • The JoHo WorldSupporter team

 

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Chapter 1: Literature

 

Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

.....read more
Access: 
Public
Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

De meeste leiderschapsstudies houden zich niet bezig met de complexiteit van intra-organisatorische processen, waaronder veranderingsimplementatie processen, die verschillende activiteiten met zich mee brengen. In deze studie wordt er beweerd dat het waarschijnlijk is dat managers verschillende activiteiten benadrukken in de geplande organisatieverandering implementatie, afhankelijk van de mix van hun leiderschapscompetenties.

Effectief leiderschap en de bekrachtiging van geplande organisatieverandering

In deze studie wordt het taak-georiënteerde en persoons-georiënteerde model gebruikt. Taak-georiënteerde vaardigheden zijn gerelateerd aan organisatie structuur, ontwerp en controle en het vaststellen van routines om organisatiedoelen en doelstellingen te halen. Persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden omvat gedrag dat collaboratieve interactie tussen organisatiewerknemers stimuleert, een ondersteunend sociaal klimaat vaststelt en managementpraktijken stimuleert die gelijke behandeling van werknemers verzekert.

Effectiviteit van de twee verschillende soorten vereist verschillende, maar gerelateerde groepen bekwaamheden. Effectiviteit van taak-georiënteerd gedrag staat of valt met het vermogen om taakeisen duidelijk te maken en taken te structureren rondom de missie en doelen van de organisatie. Effectiviteit van persoons-georiënteerd gedrag berust op het vermogen om rekening te houden met anderen als ook het rekening houden met je eigen emoties en die van anderen. Afhankelijk van de mix van deze leiderschapscompetenties wordt er een verschillende nadruk gelegd op de activiteiten die nodig zijn bij het implementeren van organisatieverandering.

Deze activiteiten bestaan uit communiceren, mobiliseren en evalueren. Communiceren: activiteiten die leiders uitvoeren om de noodzaak van verandering uit te leggen en hun visie te delen met de werknemers. Mobiliseren: acties die leiders uitvoeren om support van collega’s te krijgen en de inwerkingtreding van nieuwe werkroutines te aanvaarden. Evalueren: maatstaven die leiders gebruiken om de impact van de implementatie te volgen en vast te stellen en veranderingen te institutionaliseren.

Communiceren van de noodzaak van organisatieverandering

Leiders die veranderingen doorvoeren moeten de noodzaak van deze verandering communiceren met hun werknemers. De werknemers moeten begrijpen waarom gedrag en routines moeten worden veranderd.

Hypothese 1a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

Hypothese 1b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn minder goed in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

Mobiliseren van anderen om verandering te accepteren

Tijdens implementatie moeten leiders hun werknemers mobiliseren om de veranderingen te accepteren en toe te passen in hun dagelijkse routines. Mobiliseren is moeilijk doordat er verschillende persoonlijke en beroepsdoelen zijn, en dus verschillende opvattingen over de verandering. Mobiliseren brengt zowel taak als persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden met zich mee.

Hypothese 2a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

Hypothese 2b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

Evalueren van de implementatie van de verandering

Leiders moeten evalueren in hoeverre organisatieleden routines, werkwijzen en gedrag uitvoeren dat

.....read more
Access: 
Public
How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

Health psychology focuses on the influence of psychological and behavioral factors on health, often in combination with the environment. Stress is central to this.

What models of personality are there?

What is the interactional model?

The interactional model suggests that personality factors determine the impact of events, because they determine how someone deals with the situation. Personality would thus influence coping. How someone deals with an event determines the degree of stress caused by that event. However, a limitation of this model is that stable coping strategies have never been found.

What is the transactional model?

The transactional model does things differently. According to this model, personality has three potential effects:

  1. Personality can influence coping.
  2. Personality can affect how the person interprets an event.
  3. Personality can influence the event itself.

It is not the event that causes stress here, but rather how it is dealt with. This model is called transactional because of the person's influence on the event and the person's appreciation. There is mutual influence.

What is the health and behavior model?

A third model is the health and behavior model. This assumes that personality does not directly influence the degree of stress or illness, but that it indirectly influences stress or illness through certain behaviors, such as unsafe sex or overeating. The less healthy someone is, the greater the chance of experiencing more stress.

What is the disease and behavior model?

Another model is the disease and behavior model. In this model, disease is explained as the presence of an objectively measurable abnormal physiological process, such as fever, high blood pressure, or a tumor. Abnormal or sick behavior is about the way people behave when they think they are sick. Personality determines the degree of sick behavior, whether or not in combination with a real illness.

According to the predispositional model, associations exist between personality and illness because of a third variable that affects both, namely predisposition. The predisposition can exist for stable individual personality differences and for specific illnesses.

What is stress?

Stress is a subjective feeling that is the result of uncontrollable and threatening events (stressors). These are often extreme situations with unpleasant consequences that cannot be influenced. Stress can be divided into low sources of stress in daily life (daily hassles) and important life events (major life events). Major life events are associated with intensity, conflict and uncontrollability. Positive things can also be very stressful, for example a marriage, a move or a promotion. People with a lot of stress in their lives have many psychological and physiological symptoms. Possible responses to stress may include palpitations, increased blood pressure, sweaty hands and feet, and

.....read more
Access: 
Exclusive (for members with extra services and online access)

Image

Related topics and terms

Relations of the topic: Clinical and health psychology

Image SUMMARIES

Check or search summaries, tests and study assistance within topic: 'Clinical and health psychology'

CHECK SUMMARIES (connected to Clinical and health psychology)

Make a selection, to find more, or other, summaries and study assistance than you see below

Image Studiegids voor samenvattingen bij Testtheorie: Inleiding in de theorie van de psychologische test en zijn toepassingen van Drenth en Sijtsma
Samenvattingen bij Testtheorie: Inleiding in de theorie van de psychologische test en zijn toepassingen van Drenth en Sijtsma
Image Studiegids voor samenvattingen bij Stress and Health van Lovallo
Samenvattingen bij Stress and Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions van Lovallo
Image Studiegids voor samenvattingen bij De diagnostische cyclus: Een praktijkleer van De Bruyn e.a.
Samenvattingen bij De diagnostische cyclus: Een praktijkleer van De Bruyn e.a.
Image Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de Transference-focused psychotherapie - samenvatting van een artikel van Draijer (2015)
Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de Transference-focused psychotherapieDraijer (2015) Transference-focused psychotherapie (TFP) is ontwikkeld voor mensen met een borderline-...
Image Summary with the 2nd edition (DSM-IV) of The Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology by Carr
Booksummary with the 2nd edition (DSM-IV) of The Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology by Carr
Image Breaking habits with implementation intentions: A test of underlying processes - summary of an article by Adriaanse, Gollwitzer, de Ridder, de Wtit & Kroese (2011)
Breaking habits with implementation intentions: A test of underlying processesAdriaanse, Gollwitzer, de Ridder, de Wtit & Kroese (2011)Personality and social...
Image Implementation intentions: can they be used to prevent and treat addiction? - summary of chapter 29 of Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction
Handbook of implicit cognition and addictionChapter 29Implementation intentions: can they be used to prevent and treat addiction? Forming an implementation intention...
Image Taal - samenvatting van hoofdstuk 9 van Klinische neuropsychologie
Klinische neuropsychologieHoofdstuk 9Taal Spraak ontstaat als we een luchstroom door middel van gecoördineerde bewegingen van onze artculatieorganen omvormen tot...
Image A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: It’s not what you thought it was - a summary by an article by Mineka, & Zinbarg
A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: It’s not what you thought it wasArticle by: Mineka, S. & Zinbarg, R. (2006)American...
Image Aandacht en executieve functies - samenvatting van hoofdstuk 10 van Klinische neuropsychologie
Klinische neuropsychologieHoofdstuk 10Aandacht en executieve functies Aandacht is een proces dat verantwoordelijk is voor de selectie van een of meerdere...
Summaries: home bundle

Content and contributions related to summaries, study assistance and study skills

...to help another, travel with care, work together, learn to share and inspire with your experience

Summaries: home page

Summaries: home page

Home page for the use of summaries on WorldSupporter

What is this page about?

  • Contents: information about using and finding summaries of study books, scientific articles, academic concepts and practice exams on WorldSupporter
  • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
  • Languages: English, Dutch
  • Access: Public

Where to go next?

What to find below?

  • Summaries per study and study field
  • Summaries per type and form
    • How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?
    • How and why would you use summaries?
    • Finding summaries practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
    • Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
  • Main theme pages for learn and study
  • FAQ: questions and answers about summaries
Access: 
Public
Summaries: per type and form

Summaries: per type and form

Home page for summaries by type and form

  • Summary sort: Study books, Scientific articles, Academic Concepts
  • Areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
  • Languages: English, Dutch
  • Access: This study guide contains exclusive and publicly available study materials
Access: 
Public
Exams: home page for exams, exam tips and study tips

Exams: home page for exams, exam tips and study tips

Taking and passing exams, using study tips and learning to study

What is this page about?

  • Contents: information for exams, exam tips and study tips on WorldSupporter
  • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
  • Languages: English, Dutch
  • Access: Public, Exclusive

Where to go next?

What to find below?

  • Highlighted content concerning exams, exam tips and study tips
Access: 
Public
All summaries by study and subject

All summaries by study and subject

What are the main study fields for finding summaries, using study assistance and searching internships?

Study fields:

What are the main study fields for summaries in NL?

Studiegebieden:

Studie instellingen:

How to improve your study skills and pass exams?

Check for improving your study skills:

Check for getting study results:

How to study abroad?

How to find internships, volunteering and work abroad related to your study?

What are the Worldsupporter goals related to study and knowledge

Samenvattingen en studiehulp

Samenvattingen en studiehulp

Inhoudsopgave:

JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studie en kennis
  • Wat is JoHo WorldSupporter en hoe kan je je aanmelden en toegang tot studiematerialen krijgen?
  • Wat zijn WorldSupporter samenvattingen en hoe kan je de samenvattingen voor jouw studie vinden?
JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studiehulp en samenvattingen
  • Wat zijn de gerelateerde vakken op WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen, studiehulp, stages en uittreksels?
  • Wat zijn de beschikbare samenvattingen en studiehulpmaterialen per studiegebied en studierichting?
JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: samenhangende pagina's op WorldSupporter
JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studiecompetenties en stagevaardigheden
  • Hoe kan je het effectief studeren, en hoe haal je een tentamen?
  • Welke vaardigheden heb je nodig, of kan je leren bij een stage?
JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studeren, stage lopen en werken in het buitenland
  • Waar kan je meer vinden over je voorbereidingen als je langer naar het buitenland gaat?
  • Wat moet je doen als je verzekerd wil zijn tijdens een studie of stage of baan in het buitenland?
JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp: studietips en ervaringen
  • Wat zijn de uitgelichte blogs, ervaringen en tips van andere WorldSupporters?
  • Wat zijn alle blogs organisaties, tips, samenvattingen en vacatures die verbonden zijn aan JoHo samenvattingen en studiehulp?
. ga hier verder naar de pagina
CHECK ACTIVITIES

Make a selection, to find more tips than you see below

Image Werk in een gespecialiseerde Nederlandse astma kliniek in Zwitserland
Via deze gespecialiseerde Nederlandse astma kliniek in Zwitserland kan je werken in de zorg in het buitenland in het Nederlands. Het behandelteam bestaat uit longartsen...
Image What is evidence-based practice in psychology?
Evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture...
Image What are the major issues in integrating psychological research to a day-to-day clinical setting?
Major issues in integrating research in day-to-day practice include: The relative weight to place on different research methods The representativeness of research...
Image Schiziod personality disorder - DSM criteria
The DSM criteria for Schizoid personality disorder are: A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in...
Image Borderline personality disorder - DSM criteria
The DSM criteria for borderline personality disorder are: A vervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked...
Image Histrionic personality disorder - DSM criteria
The DSM criteria for histironic personality disorder are: A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present...
Image Wat zijn de emotionele basisbehoeften volgens schematherapie?
De vijf emotionele basisbehoeften volgens schematherapie zijn: Veiligheid Vrijheid van expressie van behoeften, emoties en meningen Autonomie van competentie en identeit...
Image What are the phases of Dialectical behavioural therapy?
The phases of DBT are: Severe behavioural dysfunction to behavioural control Goals: Less life-treatening behaviours, therapy interfering behaviours adn quality-of-life-...
Image Ticket Klinische Psychologie - UvA (2015-2016)
Inzicht: psychopathologische aandoeningen zijn gegroepeerd in soorten aandoening - leer ze ook per soort uit je hoofd Leren: belangrijke soorten aandoeningen die bij dit...
Image What are therapeutic strategies for enhancing inhibitory learning?
Therapeutic strategies for enhancing inhibitory learning are: Expectancy violation The more the expectancy can be violated by experience, the greater the inhibitory...
Activities abroad: home bundle

Main content and contributions for activities abroad

,,,accommodations, adventure activities, courses, internships, jobs and volunteer projects

...to help another, travel with care, work together , learn to share and inspire with your experience

 

Activities abroad: home page

Activities abroad: home page

From language courses to gap year abroad, from work experience to volunteering abroad, from paid work to internship abroad, from mountaineering to diving and from backpacking to travel around the world

    What social activities can you do abroad?

    • Opportunities are found in the areas of helping, learning or studying. You can get involved to volunteer in a social project at a school in Africa, Asia or Latin America. You can get involved in nature, in a project with animals or cleaning the sea or beaches. Those who want to learn more can choose for example a language course in Latin America, Spain or South Africa.

    What work related activities can you do abroad?

    • If you want to gain work experience, and/or also earn money, go and work abroad. You can combine backpacking in Australia with temporary work. You can work on campsites in Europe or bush camps in Africa. You can pretty much go all over the world to work in the hospitality industry, hotels and hostels, in the healthcare sector or for example at a diving school.

    What sports activities to do abroad?

    • Have you ever thought of mountain biking, rafting (going down a wild river on a raft or rubber dinghy, climbing or canoeing), survival (which involves building rafts, climbing or canoeing), abseiling (descending a rock face while secured to ropes), zip-lining (whizzing down a cable), canyoning (starting at the top of a river and then climbing, swimming, diving down the bed) or caving (scrambling, wriggling and crawling through caves and crevices)?
    • Maybe you feel more comfortable on a bodyboard (on a half-wave surfboard, you surf the high waves lying down-with flippers), on a hang glider or while paragliding (with a parachute you float down a mountain or dune), hydrospeeding (on a bodyboard with flippers and a wetsuit on you go down a wild river via rapids) or Tiefschneeskiing (racing down through powder snow)?

    Check the pages below for more activities and inspiration and where to go and how to arrange it

      Activities abroad: for experiencing countries and cultures abroad

      Activities abroad: for experiencing countries and cultures abroad

      Bundled content for experiencing countries and cultures during gap year, travel and backpacking abroad

      Access: 
      Public
      Activities abroad: for sports, adventure and outdoor abroad

      Activities abroad: for sports, adventure and outdoor abroad

      Bundled content for sports, adventure and outdoor during travel, gap year and backpacking abroad

      Access: 
      Public

      Image ORGANIZATIONS

      Check all organizations related to: 'Clinical and health psychology'

      CHECK ORGANIZATIONS

      No results found.

      Organizations & Services: home bundle

      Bundled content, suggestions, stories and tips about organizations and their products and services

      ...to help another, travel with care, work together, learn to share and inspire with your experience

      Organizations: home page
      Organizations for administrative, tax and legal work and consulting

      Organizations for administrative, tax and legal work and consulting

      international law

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in administration, tax and legal consulting

      Administrative, tax and legal consulting abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for agriculture, grape picking, farming and vineyards
      Organizations: for animal protection, animal care and working with wildlife abroad
      Organizations: for au pairs, youth work and child care abroad
      Organizations: for bush camping and working at a campsite abroad
      Organizations: for catering, hospitality and entertainment abroad
      Organizations: for civil society and social work abroad
      Organizations for corporate business services

      Organizations for corporate business services

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in corporate business services

      Corporate business services abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for customer services abroad and help desks
      Organizations: for diving, snorkeling and water sports abroad
      Organizations: for education and schools abroad
      Organizations: for expatriate insurances, travel insurances, and emergency call centers
      Organizations: for gap year activities abroad and sabbaticals
      Organizations: for internship placement abroad
      Organizations: for insurances and finance abroad
      Organizations for IT, engineering and construction

      Organizations for IT, engineering and construction

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in IT, webdevelopment, engineering and construction

      IT, engineering and construction abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for language travel and language teaching abroad
      Organizations for marketing, communication and PR abroad

      Organizations for marketing, communication and PR abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in marketing and communication

      Marketing, communication and PR abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for mediation in au pairs, childcare and elderly care in the Netherlands
      Organizations for moving, international relocation and transport abroad

      Organizations for moving, international relocation and transport abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in transport and international relocation

      Moving abroad and relocation services abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:

      Moving abroad and relocation

      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations for nature conservation, environmental protection and working in nature abroad

      Organizations for nature conservation, environmental protection and working in nature abroad

      Costa Rica rain forest - Jungle

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in environmental protection, sustainability and nature conservation

      Nature conservation and environmental protection abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for nonprofit projects, development work and international cooperation
      Organizations: for online work as digital nomad, freelancer, or independent entrepreneur from abroad
      Organizations: for outdoor activities and sports
      Organizations: for providing accommodation and hospitality work in hotels, guesthouses, ecolodges and hostels abroad

      Organizations: for providing accommodation and hospitality work in hotels, guesthouses, ecolodges and hostels abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in hotels, resorts, guesthouses, ecolodges, bed and breakfasts and hostels abroad

      Working in hospitality and tourist accommodations abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad

      Organizations: for providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in healthcare

      Providing healthcare and working in medical care abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

      Organizations: for psychological assistance and mental health care abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad

      Psychological assistance, coaching and mental health care abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for real estate, brokerage abroad and property rental abroad
      Organizations: for research and scientific work abroad

      Organizations: for research and scientific work abroad

      Image

      Organizations: for research, R&D, data collection, data analysis and scientific work abroad

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work in research and science

      From R&D to data collection and data analysis

      Research and science abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page
      Organizations: for student support and student associations
      Organizations: for tour guidance and adventure tours abroad
      Organizations: for tourism and organized travel and leisure work abroad
      Organizations: for voluntary work mediation and project placement abroad
      Organizations for yacht and shipping crew and working on a cruise ship abroad

      Organizations for yacht and shipping crew and working on a cruise ship abroad

      Image

      Activities, internships, paid work, services or volunteer work on cruise ships, sailing yachts and other ships

      Boat crew, deck hand or working for an international shipping organization

      Working on a yacht or cruise ship abroad: by position

      For job roles and duties related to activities, internships and jobs abroad, see:
      ......Read more on this page

      Image

      SPOTLIGHT & FAVORITES

      FAVORITES
      Image

      This bundle contains the articles and lectures for the course "Psychological Assessment" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the following materials: Interim exam 1:  - Lecture 1 (Wright (2011); Gregory (2014); Bijttebier et al. (2019). - Lecture 2 (Wright (2011). - Lect...

      Image ALL CONTENT OF TOPIC

      Search all related content within topic: 'Clinical and health psychology'

      ALL CONTENT OF TOPIC

      Select any filter and click on Apply to see results

      Crossroad: spotlight pages
      Moving abroad?
      Page topic
      Submenu & Search

      Search only via club, country, goal, study, topic or sector