Examtests with Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology by Wicks-Nelson & Israel - 8th edition - Exclusive

When is behavior abnormal? - ExamTest 1

MC questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

Which term is described here?

There is a clinically significant pattern in an individual, this can be done on a psychological and behavioral level.

1. Abnormal behavior

2. A disorder

3. Psychopathology

4. Development standard

MC question 2

Which of the following statements are true?

1. Disorders are more common in men than in women.

2. Men suffer more from externalizing problem behavior and women from internalizing problem behavior.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

MC question 3

To which person does the following statement belong?

Different symptoms together form syndromes that probably have a common biological basis.

1. Freud

2. Watson

3. Thorndike

4. Kraeplin

MC question 4

Freud stated that we all have a (1) ID , a (2) ego and a (3) superego. Put the correct definition with the correct number.

1. The problem-solving part of the mind

2. The impulsive part

3. The part that controls the unacceptable impulses

MC question 5

Arrange the phases of Freud's psychosexual stage theory in the correct order.

1. Phallic phase

2. Oral phase

3. Genital phase

4. Latent phase

5. Anal phase

MC question 6

To which of the following terms does the following definition belong:

Mental disorders are due to an imbalance or failure of the body.

1. Demonology.

2. Somatogenesis.

3. Behaviorism.

4. Psychoanalytical theory.

MC question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

1. It is important when working with young people and their families, to develop and verify prevention programs.

2. It is not important to take the level of development of young people into account.

3. Observation is not common when working with young people and their families.

4. It is more important to collect data than to be sensitive to family roles and social status.

Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Name 4 of the 8 indicators of a disorder.

Answers MC questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

B. Abnormal behavior is defined as actions of someone who deviates from the normal standard of behavior. Psychopathology interferes with adaptation to the environment and impedes the individual from completing developmental tasks. And development standards say something about the growth of motor skills, language, cognition, and social emotional behavior.

MC question 2

C. Men are more sensitive to neurological developmental disorders while women are more sensitive to emotional problems.

MC question 3

D. Freud is the founder of psychoanalytic theory, Watson is of behaviorism and Thorndike came up with the law of effect.

MC question 4

1. B
2. A
3. C

MC question 5

B - E - A - D - C

MC question 6

B. Somatogenesis.

MC question 7

A. Important for working with young people and their families: different causes must be addressed, study both normal and abnormal behavior, use systematic conceptualization, observation, data collection and hypothesis testing, develop and verify prevention programs, Children have the right to high-quality care, Adults must stand up for the health of children.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

The indicators of a disorder are: developmental delay or regression, a lot or a little behavior, high or low intensity of behavior, a problem with behavior that occurs over time, behavior that does not fit into the situation, abrupt changes in behavior, multiple problematic behaviors, and the quality of behavior is different from normal.

What does developmental psychopathology include? - ExamTest 2

MC questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

There are different developmental trajectories in adolescence. Which description indicates stable maladaptation?

1. Little exposure to negative circumstances, few behavioral problems, and a positive self-image.

2. Exposure to chronic negative conditions and maladaptive behavior.

3. Changes in biological or environmental factors cause adaptation to shift to maladaptation.

4. Temporary maladaptation.

MC question 2

What kind of attachment style is most related to maladaptive behavior?

1. A secure bond

2. An unsafe bond

3. An avoiding bonding style

4. Resistant bonding style

5. Disorganized or disoriented attachment style

MC question 3

Which is not a universal dimension of temperament (according to Sanson)?

1. Negative reactivity

2. Exhibition

3. Inhibition

4. Self-regulation

MC question 4

To which of the following terms does this definition belong:

Variables are related to each other to produce an outcome together.

1. Transactional model.

2. Interactional model.

3. Medical model.

4. Sensitivity-Stress model.

MC question 5

To which of the following terms does this definition belong:

A variable that determines the power and direction of a relationship between a predictor and criterion.

1. Immediate effect

2. Indirect effect

3. Moderator

4. Mediator

MC question 6

Which definitions belong to vulnerability and resilience?

1. Vulnerability refers to a positive result after a negative or traumatic experience and resilience to the tendency to adapt to living conditions in a negative way.

2. Vulnerability refers to the tendency to adapt in a negative way to living conditions and resilience to a positive result after a negative or traumatic experience.

3. Vulnerability refers to the tendency to adapt in a positive way to living conditions and resilience to a negative result after a negative or traumatic experience.

4. Vulnerability refers to a negative result after a negative or traumatic experience and resilience to the tendency to adapt positively to living conditions.

MC question 7

Which definition belongs to equifinity?

1. Different factors can lead to the same outcome.

2. Various factors can be associated with an outcome.

3. Basic position that differs from individual to individual.

4. How children's behavioral tendencies match parental characteristics and other environmental factors.

Open questions with chapter 2

Open question 1

Example: there is a connection between alcohol abuse by parents and performance problems in the child. Is this a direct or indirect connection?

Open question 2

What is the difference between necessary and sufficient causes?

Open question 3

Describe the difference between the clinical approach and the empirical approach.

Open question 4

What is the difference between heterotypic and homotypic continuity?

Answers MC questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

B.

MC question 2

E. Maladaptive behavior is most closely related to a disorganized attachment style, but also to an unsafe attachment. This causes aggression and fear.

MC question 3

B. Exhibition. Negative reactivity stands for irritability, inhibition is about the child's response to new persons or situations, and self-regulation describes processes that facilitate or hinder reactivity.

MC question 4

B. Interactional model. The transactional model means that development is the result of reciprocal transactions between an individual and environmental context. The medical model means that disorders are discrete entities that arise from specific and limited biological causes in an individual. The sensitivity-stress model means that various causes of psychopathology are sensitivity factors and stress factors that work together.

MC question 5

C. Moderator. A moderator reinforces or weakens the outcome and can change the direction of the outcome. A mediator has a direct and therefore causal influence on the outcome. This leads to an outcome or explains it. A moderator is associated with an indirect effect.

MC question 6

B.

MC question 7

B. Multi-definition means that different factors can lead to the same outcome. Basic disposition is another word for temperament. Goodness-of-fit is the relationship between tendencies of behavior of children fitting with parental characteristics and other environmental factors.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 2

Open question 1

This is an indirect link. The alcohol problems will not have a direct effect on the functioning of the child, but will cause marital problems and parental difficulties, which in turn influences the child's functioning.

Open question 2

Necessary causes must be present for a disorder to manifest itself. Sufficient causes can be responsible for the occurance of a disorder, without the presence of other factors.

Open question 3

The clinical approach is clinically derived, categorical and qualitative. It is widely used and the concept of disorders continues to change. The emphasis is on the characteristics of a disorder. The empirical approach is based on statistics, contains clusters of problem behaviors (syndromes), is broad and narrowband, dimensional and quantitative.

Open question 4

Heterotypic continuity means that the disorder changes shape or intensity over time and with homotypic continuity the disorder remains stable.

What influence do genes and environment have on behavior? - ExamTest 3

MC questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

The peripheral nervous system carries signals to and from the central nervous system. Which two subsystems does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

1. The sympathetic and parasympathetic system

2. The somatic and sympathetic system

3. The parasympathetic and autonomous system

4. The somatic and autonomous system

MC question 2

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

1. Passing on information

2. Regulating heart rate and breathing

3. Connecting the back brain with the brainstem

4. Movement and cognitive processing

MC question 3

What are the transactional systems that influence the socio-cultural context of a child?

1. Parent's role, parents' psychopathology, and parenting style.

2. Poverty, environment, and society.

3. Family, the community, and society / culture.

4. The culture, peers, and living environment.

MC question 4

What is the most common form of child abuse?

1. Physical abuse

2. Sexual abuse

3. Neglect

4. Emotional or psychological abuse

MC question 5

What is not part of a nerve cell?

1. Neurotransmitter

2. Dendrite

3. Axon

4. Cell body

MC question 6

Which factors are not included within the cognitive-behavioral perspective?

1. Cognitive factors

2. Emotional factors

3. Social factors

4. Genetic factors

MC question 7

What is another word for cognitive structure?

1. Scheme

2. Brain area

3. Region

4. Analysis

MC question 10

To which term does the following definition belong:

The parents have strict rules. Independence and individuality are encouraged.

1. Authoritative parenting style

2. Granting parenting style

3. Neglecting parenting style

4. Authoritarian parenting style

Open questions with chapter 3

Open question 1

Explain, with an example, when you use positive reinforcement and when you use negative reinforcement.

Open question 2

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answers MC questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

D. The somatic system contains the senses and senses involved in sensory experiences and voluntary movements. The autonomous system is involved in the regulation of arousal and emotions. The autonomous system again consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. This causes an increase or decrease in alertness.

MC question 2

D. Movement and cognitive processing. The punch is responsible for passing on information, the medulla for regulating the heartbeat and breathing.

MC question 3

C. Each of these systems consists of different structures with different aspects that influence the child.

MC question 4

C. Neglect can take various forms such as not meeting physical needs, inadequate supervision or not meeting the educational needs of the child.

MC question 5

A. Neurotransmitter. This is a package of chemicals that is sent by an axon to send information.

MC question 6

B. Genetic factors. Within the cognitive-behavioral perspective, cognition, emotion behavior and social factors are examined.

MC question 7

A. Schedule. A scheme consists of information that is represented in the memory.

MC question 8

D. Authoritarian parenting style. An authoritative parenting style contains standards and an eye for the needs of the children. Independence and individuality are encouraged. With an indulgent parenting style, the children are not pushed and they have to figure it out for themselves. The children's impulses are tolerated. A neglecting parenting style consists of parents who are not concerned with the lives of their children and have no emotional connection with them.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 3

Open question 1

Positive reinforcement means that after certain behavior a positive stimulus is offered, which increases the behavior. An example is giving a candy if the child shows good behavior.
Negative reinforcement means that after certain behavior a negative stimulus is removed, which increases the behavior. An example is when a mother demands something from a child and the child gets angry or starts crying, mother withdraws her claim.

Open question 2

Genotype is genetic information, such as hair color, and phenotype is the observable characteristic that goes with it, such as blond hair.

What kind of research is involved in this field of psychology? - ExamTest 4

MC questions with chapter 4

MC question 1

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. External validity refers to generalizability.

2. Internal validity refers to the consistency of the results.

   1. Claim 1 is correct.

   2. Claim 2 is correct.

   3. Both statements are correct.

   4. Both statements are incorrect.

MC question 2

What is not a limitation of a case study?

1. Validity

2. Reliability

3. Targeting only one person

4. Generalizability

MC question 3

What is another word for a time series design?

1. Case study

2. Single-case experimental design

3. Longitudinal design

4. Experimental design

MC question 4

What is the definition of reliability?

1. The degree of agreement between different assessors.

2. The degree of consistency of results.

3. Different observations of different behavior under different circumstances must lead to the same conclusions.

4. Different observations of the same behavior under different circumstances must lead to the same conclusions.

MC question 5

What is not a characteristic of a correlational study?

1. It is non-experimental.

2. It describes relationships between factors.

3. No manipulation takes place.

4. A cause-effect relationship can be derived from this.

MC question 6

What is the difference between a retrospective longitudinal study (RLO) and a prospective longitudinal study (PLO)?

1. With RLO there is information gathering from the past, while with PLO there is gathering information through repeatedly observing individuals over time.

2. With PLO there is question of collecting information from the past, while with RLO it is about collecting information by repeatedly observing individuals over time.

3. At PLO you make use of questionnaires, while at RLO you make use of interviews with the individual and people from that individual's environment.

4. Questionnaires are used in PLO, while RLO is observed.

MC question 7

Which statement about randomized experiments is true?

1. They are best to draw a conclusion about causation from.

2. A variable is manipulated by a few participants and not by the rest.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Open questions with chapter 4

Open question 1

What are the benefits of accelerated longitudinal research compared to cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal research?

Open question 2

What does ‘voluntary informed consent’ entail ?

MC question 3

Describe the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research.

Answers MC questions with chapter 4

MC question 1

A. Claim 2 is not correct, this is not about the internal validity but about the reliability of a measurement. The internal validity is the extent to which a statement is correct, it is about the extent to which alternative statements can be excluded.

MC question 2

C. Targeting only one person is a feature of a case study. It is difficult to check whether past events are reliable and valid. Also, the results cannot be generalized because it has only been tested on one person.

MC question 3

B. Single-case experimental design. A measurement is first made before the treatment is given, then the effect of the treatment is measured and then another measurement is made after the treatment has been stopped.

MC question 4

B. Inter-assessor reliability is the degree of agreement between different assessors. In addition, a test is reliable if different observations of the same behavior lead to the same conclusions under similar circumstances.

MC question 5

D. No cause-effect relationship can be deduced from a correlational study.

MC question 6

A.

MC question 7

A. claim two is characteristic of a single-case experimental design.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 4

Open question 1

Accelerated longitudinal research is a combination of cross-sectional research and retrospective longitudinal research. Different groups are compared at different times. In this way a distinction can be made between age differences and developmental changes.

Open question 2

The voluntary participation of individuals in a study, where the person is fully aware of the purpose of the study, the procedures, the risks and benefits and the possibility to cease participation at any time.

Open question 3

A quantitative study.

How can disorders be classified? - ExamTest 5

MC questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

Which term is described here?

Large categories or dimensions of behavioral disorders are created. It is a system for describing phenomena that are used for clinical or scientific purposes.

1. Diagnosis

2. Assessment

3. Classification

4. None of them

MC question 2

Which term is described here?

The extent to which different diagnosticians use the same category to describe a person's behavior.

1. Test retest reliability

2. Interrater reliability

MC question 3

There are different treatment methods for disorders in children. Which method does not belong in the list?

1. Individual and group therapy

2. Play therapy

3. Family therapy and parent training

4. Pharmacological treatment

5. Social treatment

MC question 4

Diagnosing someone with a mental disorder can have several negative consequences. Which one does not belong in the list?

1. Overgeneralization

2. Negative perceptions

3. Biased expectations

4. Categorization

MC question 5

Which characteristics belong to the DSM?

1. Clinically derived and categorical.

2. Empirically derived and categorical.

3. Clinically derived and dimensional.

4. Empirically derived and dimensional.

MC question 6

Which of the following machines is not used in a neurological assessment?

1. EEG

2. MRI.

3. PET scan

4. CAT scan

MC question 7

What is the definition of a secondary intervention?

1. Prevent and treat systematically before there are psychological difficulties.

2. General health is improved and specific dysfunctions are addressed.

3. The problem that causes a disorder is being addressed.

4. Refer early, get a diagnosis and treat.

MC question 8

Which of the following statements about play therapy is or are true?

1. It is a structured and distinct approach that uses play as therapy.

2. Family members must be trained and can then be used in this form of theory.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

Name four empirical syndromes (narrowband syndromes).

Open question 2

Describe the differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-V.

Answers MC questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

C. The term diagnosis is used when a category or classification applies to an individual. An assessment refers to the evaluation of young people to facilitate classification and diagnosis.

MC question 2

B. Interrater reliability. Test-retest reliability means the degree to which the use of a category for a certain person is stable over time, that is, multiple tests at different times.

MC question 3

E. With individual or group therapy there is interaction between the psychologist and the child or between the psychologist and the group. Play therapy is used for communicating with young children, this puts them at ease. Family therapy and parent training involves family members in the treatment process and pharmacological treatment uses medication.

MC question 4

D. Categorization is a part of our pattern of thought that contributes to knowledge growth and therefore has nothing to do with the negative consequences of diagnosis.

MC question 5

A.

MC question 6

D. Cat scan. An EEG is used to directly view the integrity of the nervous system. An MRI uses a magnet to make a 3D image of the brain with radio waves. With fMRI, a difference in oxygen levels is measured. With a PET scan, the activity of different parts of the brain is measured by measuring the oxygen and glucose used.

MC question 7

D. The general definition of an intervention is systematic prevention and treatment before there are psychological difficulties. A primary intervention means improving general health and tackling specific dysfunctions. With a tertiary intervention, the problem that causes a disorder is addressed.

MC question 8

C.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

Choice of: Internalizing, anxious / depressed, withdrawn / depressed, somatic complaints, mixed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, externalizing, cross-line behavior, aggressive behavior.

Open question 2

There are better rules for diagnosis in the new DSM, more attention for children and adolescents with a disorder, and more consistent research. Reliability has improved, although it can still be influenced by how observations are collected and that there is variation in a certain category. Validity is now being looked at more strictly. Problems concerning age or development level, gender, cultural context, and other things are now being addressed.

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