All summaries by study and subject: study assistance, study summaries and student internships abroad

from improving study skills to studying abroad and job openings to personal experiences

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PAGE LAYOUT

All summaries by study and subject

INTRO   SUMMARIES AND STUDY ASSISTANCE   ACTIVITIES AND TIPS   ORGANIZATIONS   SPOTLIGHT   SEARCH

PAGE INTRO

What are the main study fields for finding summaries, using study assistance and searching internships?

Study fields:

What are the main study fields for summaries in NL?

Studiegebieden:

Studie instellingen:

How to improve your study skills and pass exams?

Check for improving your study skills:

Check for getting study results:

How to study abroad?

How to find internships, volunteering and work abroad related to your study?

What are the Worldsupporter goals related to study and knowledge

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WorldSupporter FAQ: how to WorldSupporter, join and sign up?

WorldSupporter FAQ: how to WorldSupporter, join and sign up?

Joining JoHo WorldSupporter and using the tools and services on JoHo WorldSupporter

WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

What is 'WorldSupporter'?

  • JoHo WorldSupporter is the online platform where individuals and organizations inspire and help each other on a local and global level.
  • You can share and find everything you need to help another, travel responsibly, study well, develop yourself and work for an organization that creates a better world.
  • You can gain knowledge, share experiences, answer questions, post comments and publish your own WorldSupporter resume.
  • You can share your summaries, photos, blogs, journals, events, sustainable recipes and tips with others.
  • You can create and share study materials with WorldSupporters from countries that lack access to educational resources.
  • You can share learning materials that can be used by volunteers helping out in schools around the world.
  • You can work with WorldSupporters from over 150 countries to help make the world around you a better and more tolerant place.

What is a 'WorldSupporter account and Profile'?

  • A WorldSupporter account can be created in minutes and is linked to your Personal WorldSupporter profile.
  • Your WorldSupporter profile:
    • acts as your own platform for all the content you create or collect on WorldSupporter,
    • shows all content recently created by the organizations, groups and individuals you personally follow,
    • shows what you contribute to the world around you.

What do you need to do to join, register and get started?

  • To use WorldSupporter for free, you can create an acoount and follow your favorite subject or supporters.
  • To support and use WorldSupporter: go to www JoHo.org, and join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member: In Dutch - In English.
  • To use all summaries: go to go to www JoHo.org and join JoHo WorldSupporter Member with full online access to all summaries and content.
  • For a profile on WorldSupporter: go to the create account page page or use the 'sign in' link in the menu.
  • For login: go to the login page to log in or use the 'sign in' link in the menu, visible on every page.

Join JoHo WorldSupporter

WorldSupporter: what is the JoHo WorldSupporter mission, vision and concept?

WorldSupporter: what is the JoHo WorldSupporter mission, vision and concept?

 

What is the JoHo mission, vision and concept?

Mission & Vision

  • JoHo wants to enable people and organizations to develop and collaborate better, thereby contributing to a tolerant, tolerant and sustainable world.
  • Support is provided for personal development and international collaboration is stimulated via online platforms and physical support centers.

Concept

  • As a JoHo donor, subscriber or insured you support the objectives of JoHo. JoHo then supports you with tools, coaching and benefits in the field of personal development and international activities.
  • JoHo's core services are: study assistance, competence development, coaching and insurance mediation when you leave abroad.

What is the JoHo target group?

Core target groups

  • Travelers, volunteers, workers, emigrants, and everyone involved in the world around them.
  • Young people, students, interns, and anyone who wants to develop themselves further.
  • Projects, initiatives and organizations that are committed to international cooperation.

What are the core JoHo themes?

  • Personal development: Learning, Studying, Working, Applying, Entrepreneurship, Initiating.
  • International cooperation: Help, Travel, Arrange, Emigrate, Immigrate & Inspire.

How can JoHo support you?

  • In addition to the support you can provide to JoHo, JoHo supports you with tools, decision aid, advice and discounts on articles, insurance, travel, activities, training, facilities, summaries and media use.

How can you support JoHo?

  • By using the JoHo products and services, you automatically support the goals of JoHo.
  • You can also join JoHo online or in the support center as a donor or subscriber
  • JoHo donors make it possible for JoHo to have been committed to successful projects in the field of development cooperation, knowledge sharing and talent development for years. Anyone who supports JoHo can also contribute to the projects and make use of knowledge, decision aid and discounts.

What have JoHo and JoHo donors already achieved?

What does the World of JoHo consist of?

  • JoHo WorldSupporter: The JoHo platform for those who also want to do something for others, an online community and marketplace for global citizens, volunteers and involved companies.
  • JoHo Insurances: The JoHo platform for all your insurance, security measures, visa matters, vaccinations & arrangements for short and long stays abroad.
  • JoHo Memberships: The JoHo platform for personal development with tools for study, internship, work, travel and emigration.
  • JoHo Partnerships: The JoHo platform where organizations are enabled to bring their projects, activities and vacancies to the attention of a target group that wants to mean something for the world around them.

How can you use JoHo?

  • You can explore the World of JoHo through JoHo support centers, the online platforms and the events.
  • Visit a JoHo World Experience Center, make an online discovery trip, visit JoHo at an event, or contact us by phone.
  • Read about cooperation with and services of JoHo

What is the meaning of the term JoHo?

  • The term JoHo has had multiple meanings over the years. Today, reference is made to a more than 2,000-year-old quote from Ashoka. On the banks of the Ganges, the Indian visionary and ruler Ashoka tried to convince his people that all peoples on earth are equal and can learn from each other: "Life is a Journey to Open-mindedness, Helpfulness and Optimism."
WorldSupporter: what is the choice in memberships, and what kind of online access is available?

WorldSupporter: what is the choice in memberships, and what kind of online access is available?

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What forms of registration are possible and what kind of online access is available:

1  - Create a free WorldSupporter Profile.

2 - Join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member with basic services

  • You can join WorldSupporter as a JoHo member to get access to basic services
    • you can add messages and comments to help other supporters and get notifications
    • you can access all content with the access level 'Member'
    • you can request to contribute and add content
    • you will be able to save and collect content made by other supporters
    • you will be able to follow other supporters
    • you will have access to all content with the access level 'WorldSupporters members', that is uploaded and made by other Supporters
    • you are a valued donor who makes an additional contribution to JoHo WorldSupporter
  • Join as WorldSupporter member >>

3 - Join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access

WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

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How can you use JoHo WorldSupporter?

  1. You can create a free account and follow your favorite subject or supporters (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
  2. You can join as WorldSupporter member to get access to basic services (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
  3. You can join as WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access to extra services and online access to exclusives: see also below

How do you get full online access to all summaries and exclusives on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

  • Procedure:

    • 1 - Go to JoHo.org/en/joinjoho, and join JoHo WorldSupporter by choosing a membership with online access
    • 2 - Return to WorldSupporter.org and create an account with the same email address
    • 3 - State your JoHo WorldSupporter Membership during the creation of your account
    • 4 - Choose your favorite study, student organization or topic during the creation of your account
  • Start using the services:

    • You have online access to all free + all exclusive summaries and study notes on WorldSupporter.org and JoHo.org
    • You can use all services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org
    • You can make use of the tools for work abroad, long journeys, voluntary work, internships and study abroad

Already an account?

  • In case you have previously created a WorldSupporter account then, after registering with JoHo, you can change your status on your WorldSupporter account to membership with full online access. Edit your account and see under 'Profile' for the change.
  • Note: Again, you must have used the same email address.

Become JoHo WorldSupporter member

WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

When you support JoHo...

by joining as a JoHo member

  • By joining JoHo as a member, you support JoHo in all its activities in the areas of international cooperation and talent development
  • You can become a JoHo member by contributing €5.00 per calendar year

through the purchase of JoHo subscription services

  • You can obtain JoHo subscription services for €10, €15,00 or €20.00 per calendar year for extra services and discounts

by taking out (travel or health) insurance

  • By applying for a travel or health insurance via JoHo you do not only support JoHo, but also yourself
  • You pay less premium and you are able to use the services and discounts of a JoHo subscription for free 

....then JoHo will support you...

with choice assistance & advice

  • concerning work, travel, study, inspiration and emigration

with organization profiles & vacancies

  • for full time jobs, part time jobs, volunteer work, internships, and work experience positions at home or abroad

with summaries & study support

  • such as printed and online study books, textbooks, professional literature, exams & practice questions, lecture notes, terms and readers

with discounts on items & gifts

  • concerning travel, study, work, inspiration and emigration

with discounts on activities & projects

  • such as air travel, holidays, volunteer work, language courses, and travelling 

with discounts on insurances & advice

  • such as emigration insurances, travel insurances, and health insurances

...and together we support worldsupporters and projects

  • with personal development via worldsupporter.org and online tools
  • with international collaborations via projects in Africa, Asia, and South America
  • with bringing organizations and individuals into contact with each other to make each other stronger, more aware, and to inspire one another

How do you receive free subscription services when insured via JoHo?

  • Are you a member and do you take out a yearly continuous insurance via JoHo? Then you are able to use the services and discounts of the JoHo subscription for free
  • How does it work? Become a JoHo member and apply for your travel or health insurance  via JoHo. As a JoHo member you will receive the benefits of the JoHo subscription

How to choose and purchase a JoHo subscription services

Purchasing JoHo subscription services

  • JoHo members can choose to purchase a subscription for choice assistance, advice, discounts, or extra support for JoHo
  • If you want to purchase subscription services, you are able to do so with the same form as the one to become a JoHo member
  • If you already are a JoHo member and want to change to, or add, a subscription, please fill out form for changing your membership

How does registering, logging in & creating a password work

  • As a new JoHo member you automatically receive an online account at joho.org, which you can activate with a link that you will receive in your mailbox

Read more at

Are you able to become a member without an IBAN/SEPA bank account?

  • If you don't have an IBAN (international bank account number) with SEPA, but you still want to use membership services or support JoHo's projects and initiatives, including Smokey Tours, take a look at the page about International services

What are the rules and guidelines?

What is your JoHo number?

  • You can find your JoHo number at your My JoHo page as soon as you are logged in at joho.org
  • You need your JoHo number, for example, for obtaining the discounts on insurances, summaries, and at partner organisations
  • Have you lost your JoHo number? Please contact JoHo via the online contact forms or log in at joho.org and you will find your JoHo number at your account page on JoHo.org

 

Join & Register (via JoHo.org)

WorldSupporter: what to do to cooperate and connect with JoHo WorldSupporter as an organization?

WorldSupporter: what to do to cooperate and connect with JoHo WorldSupporter as an organization?

Cooperating with JoHo: supporting JoHo

Barterdeals

  • With a lot of organizations JoHo cooperates on a barter deal basis. This is a type of partnership where none of the two organizations pays or charges fees, or where the lowest possible fees are calculated
  • Starting-point within this kind of deals is that organizations work cost neutral and organizations exchange equally: advertorial-advertorial, banner-banner, flyer-flyer, etc

Sponsoring

  • Organizations can sponsor JoHo initiatives like World Supporter and The World Summary Bank
  • Organizations can sponsor JoHo partner initiatives like Smokey Projects

Subsidy requests

  • JoHo is a non-profit organization with limited usage of subsidy facilities
  • JoHo is always willing to take a look at joint subsidy requests, as long as there is a focus on talent development and international cooperation

Link exchange

  • Link exchanges are possible, JoHo has a special link exchange page
  • Most of all links are being exchanged with organizations offering a special value or discount for JoHo members

Media and JoHo logos

  • Are you thinking about supporting JoHo and promoting JoHo among your clients or visitors?
  • Please use JoHo logos, banners and texts of JoHo's media page

Interested?

Cooperating with JoHo: being supported by JoHo

Foundations & Social Enterprises

  • If you run a foundation and/or social enterprise, please make use of JoHo's free Barter Membership system
  • Under this system, fees and costs have been reduced considerably to facilitate a lot of smaller (and sometimes bigger) colleague organizations making use of The World of JoHo
  • With a free Barter Membership also organizations with smaller budgets can profit from exposure in JoHo channels and JoHo facilities
  • Channels and facilities are being offered at, or sometimes even under, cost price

Projects aimed at International Development

  • If you run an international development project or business, please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system and/or use JoHo's free World Supporter platform
  • Are you an individual JoHo member? You can support your favorite international aid project through your membership, by transferring facilities and services of your membership to this organization

Media

  • With several media JoHo partners on a barterdeal basis. This is a type of partnership where none of the two organizations pays or charges fees, or where the lowest possible fees are calculated
  • Starting-point within this kind of deals is that organizations work cost neutral and organizations exchange equally: advertorial-advertorial, banner-banner, flyer-flyer, etc

Student organizations

  • Do you run or participate in a student organization? Please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system to promote your organization in JoHo channels

Interested?

Cooperating with JoHo: insurances through JoHo

JoHo & Insurance cooperation

Comprehensive product range

  • JoHo is one of the few organizations where you can directly purchase a comprehensive range of foreign insurances from a variety of insurers. As with our other products and services, we believe that you should be able to choose between the best, the most cost-effective and the most specialized insurance

Combinations possible

  • JoHo offers various possibilities from combining insurances to assisting in transferring from one insurer to another

No price difference

  • When you purchase an insurance policy through JoHo, you will not pay anymore than if you had purchased it directly from the insurer. Sometimes (through special collective agreements) you will pay even less

Extra support

  • JoHo offers support with problems that may arise with the insurer. Sometimes disagreement with claims, cancellation notice or insurance premiums can occur. In this situation it helps if you have the assistance of an organization who has an established relationship with the insurer

Experience:

  • JoHo Insurances has been working with international health insurance providers since many years

Options

Insurances for travelers, intern, volunteering or working holidays abroad

  • If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can benefit through JoHo from 'expertise', 'discount' or 'fee' advantages

Insurances for working and living abroad

  • If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can get free advice and/or make use of JoHo's expatservice

Interested?

Cooperating with JoHo: benefits from JoHo's World Supporter platform

WorldSupporter

  • The tool for anyone who wants tot share experiences with his or her friends
  • The platform for anyone who wants to inspire other global and involved Supporters and World Supporting organizations

Using WorldSupporter

  • If you run a project aimed at talent development or international cooperation, please use the WorldSupporter platform to get free attention and exposure
  • If you work for an organization involved in mediation for volunteer projects or internships you can profile your activities on the WorldSupporter platform
  • If you joined an internship or volunteer organization as a client and want to support your organization, you can promote them by starting an Experience magazine, blogging, sharing photos, vacancies, etc. Promote your organization for free, and inspire others!

Interested?

WorldSupporter: what to do to solve and prevent a problem with your account, login, online access or password

WorldSupporter: what to do to solve and prevent a problem with your account, login, online access or password

No account on WorldSupporter.org?

  • Your account and login on WorldSupporter.org is separate from your account on JoHo.org due to digital security and the different roles of both websites.
  • With your account on WorldSupporter.org you can also create your own content and put it on the website. With your account on JoHo.org you have insight into your subscriptions, memberships and insurances.
  • Go to the create account page: 'Join WorldSupporter', where you can create an account and profile for WorldSupporter.org.

Not able to fill in all required fields by creating an account on WorldSupporter.org?

To create an account on WorldSupporter you have to fill in following required fields:

  • Username
    • Spaces are allowed; punctuation is not allowed except for periods, hyphens, apostrophes, and underscores.
  • E-mail Address:
    • use an existing e-mail address,
    • for access to content for JoHo members and exclusives you need to use the same e-mail adress as when you registered on JoHo.org
  • First Name:
    • same rules as for your username
  • Last name:
    • same rules as for your username
  • Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?:
    • When you are not a JoHo member, you select: "I am not a JoHo WorldSupporter member yet"
    • When you are a JoHo member (donateur), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member without extra services"
    • When you are a JoHo member with extra services (abonnee), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access"
    • When you don not know which membership you have:  go to www.JoHo.org, log in and check on you account page you will see which membership is mentioned (or check the confirmation e-mail, which is sent after you filled in the membership form on joho.org)
  • WorldSupportership!:
    • Fill in at least one activity in the field of helping out another or your surroundings
  • Profile Picture:
    • Upload your profile picture :
      • files must be less than 2 MB.
      • Allowed file types: png, jpg, jpeg.
    • crop your picture (adjust within the margin)
    • save your picture
  • Follow content of your favorite subject or organization on your own profile:
    • Select your favorite subject or organization to follow on your profile by typing the name of the country, topic or organization of your choice
    • Examples include your student organization, your working field or your country of interest.
    • Use only 1 subject or organisation!
  • Privacy:
    • choose who can see your profile and account page
  • Create new account (button):
    • Click to save and go the confirmation e-mail to activate your account with the confirmation link

Not able to create your account with an error message?

  • Are you already a JoHo member (donor or subscriber): then use the same e-mail address as when you registered at JoHo.org (you also use that e-mail address for logging into joho.org).
  • Do you get the message that the e-mail address is already in use: then use the 'forgot password' option to regain access to your account.
  • Switch browsers or devices. If it doesn't work in another browser either, try again later or contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Not activated your account on WorldSupporter.org?

  • After you create an account on WorldSupporter.org by filling in the form and pushing the 'create account' button, you receive e-mail for the necessary confirmation link
  • By clicking this link or copying and pasting it to your browser you log in once and will lead you to visit a page where you can set your password.
  • After setting your password, you will be able to log in at www.worldsupporter.org/login
  • After you logged in for the first time, you can complete your account and profile page

Not able to login?

  • Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
  • Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.

Not able to log in after you receive and use the confirmation link?

  • Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
  • Choose 'request new password'.
  • You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password.
  • If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Not able to remember, set or use your password?

  • Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.
  • Forgot your password? Click on the 'Log in' link at the top right of any page and choose 'request new password'.
  • You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password..
  • Please enter a new password immediately, the link you receive is only valid for 1 day
  • Please note that your password is case sensitive, so please check that Caps Lock is on or off.
  • If the problems with your password persist, try logging in with another browser (e.g. Firefox or Chrome etc, depending on what you have already tried, ) and/or disable your password manager function if you are using it.
  • In an exceptional case, a maintenance activity may have taken place, try again later or contact WorldSupporter

Being able to log in, but still not able to read all exclusive content or summaries?

  • Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access
    • As a member without extra services (<10 euro yearly) you will not have be able to read exclusive content
    • If you want to upgrade your membership  (10 euro yearly or more) to read exclusive content access you can: change your membership
    • If you are not a member yet, you can: become a member
  • Make sure you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
    • go to your account (profile) page
    • press the "Edit profile' button
    • go to 'Profile'
    • go to the field 'Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?
      • choose the right access : 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'
    • press the button 'Save' at the end of you page
  • If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Access to all shared materials, but suddenly no longer?

  • If you suddenly lost access to shared materials that you previously had access to, one of the following situations may apply:
    • The e-mail address of your WorldSupporter account is not the same as that of your member registration.
    • The direct debit for your membership has failed.
    • A supporter has chosen to set the access level of the shared material to 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full access' and you are not yet a 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'.
  • To indicate that you wish to register a second email address with your JoHo membership, please log in to joho.org and fill in the form for adjustments on JoHo.org
  • If a direct debit has failed, you will be contacted by JoHo WorldSupporter, please check your spam folder to see if you have missed a message.
  • Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access and that you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
  • If you continue to experience problems, please contact WorldSupporter, stating the specific pages you want to use and, if possible, the error message you receive.

No access the private or public content?

  • Private content is visible for you (the author) in the 'My Collection' section of your personal user page only and is great for drafts or notes to yourself
    • If you have trouble accessing your private content, you can check whether you are logged in at the top right of JoHo WorldSupporter. If you are not yet logged in, you can try to log in and visit your private content again
    • If you have trouble accessing your private content once you are logged in, you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit
  • Public content is visible for all visitors of WorldSupporter
    • If you have trouble accessing public content, you can check your internet connection. If your internet connection is down, you can try to visit the page later, with a better internet connection.
    • If you have trouble accessing public content with a working internet connection, you can check the access level of the page you try to visit. Authors can change the access level of their content
    • If you keep experiencing problems with accessing the public content, please contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit
WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

How to join JoHo WorldSupporter, and how to use summaries and study notes on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

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How can you use JoHo WorldSupporter?

  1. You can create a free account and follow your favorite subject or supporters (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
  2. You can join as WorldSupporter member to get access to basic services (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
  3. You can join as WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access to extra services and online access to exclusives: see also below

How do you get full online access to all summaries and exclusives on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

  • Procedure:

    • 1 - Go to JoHo.org/en/joinjoho, and join JoHo WorldSupporter by choosing a membership with online access
    • 2 - Return to WorldSupporter.org and create an account with the same email address
    • 3 - State your JoHo WorldSupporter Membership during the creation of your account
    • 4 - Choose your favorite study, student organization or topic during the creation of your account
  • Start using the services:

    • You have online access to all free + all exclusive summaries and study notes on WorldSupporter.org and JoHo.org
    • You can use all services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org
    • You can make use of the tools for work abroad, long journeys, voluntary work, internships and study abroad

Already an account?

  • In case you have previously created a WorldSupporter account then, after registering with JoHo, you can change your status on your WorldSupporter account to membership with full online access. Edit your account and see under 'Profile' for the change.
  • Note: Again, you must have used the same email address.

Become JoHo WorldSupporter member

WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

When you support JoHo...

by joining as a JoHo member

  • By joining JoHo as a member, you support JoHo in all its activities in the areas of international cooperation and talent development
  • You can become a JoHo member by contributing €5.00 per calendar year

through the purchase of JoHo subscription services

  • You can obtain JoHo subscription services for €10, €15,00 or €20.00 per calendar year for extra services and discounts

by taking out (travel or health) insurance

  • By applying for a travel or health insurance via JoHo you do not only support JoHo, but also yourself
  • You pay less premium and you are able to use the services and discounts of a JoHo subscription for free 

....then JoHo will support you...

with choice assistance & advice

  • concerning work, travel, study, inspiration and emigration

with organization profiles & vacancies

  • for full time jobs, part time jobs, volunteer work, internships, and work experience positions at home or abroad

with summaries & study support

  • such as printed and online study books, textbooks, professional literature, exams & practice questions, lecture notes, terms and readers

with discounts on items & gifts

  • concerning travel, study, work, inspiration and emigration

with discounts on activities & projects

  • such as air travel, holidays, volunteer work, language courses, and travelling 

with discounts on insurances & advice

  • such as emigration insurances, travel insurances, and health insurances

...and together we support worldsupporters and projects

  • with personal development via worldsupporter.org and online tools
  • with international collaborations via projects in Africa, Asia, and South America
  • with bringing organizations and individuals into contact with each other to make each other stronger, more aware, and to inspire one another

How do you receive free subscription services when insured via JoHo?

  • Are you a member and do you take out a yearly continuous insurance via JoHo? Then you are able to use the services and discounts of the JoHo subscription for free
  • How does it work? Become a JoHo member and apply for your travel or health insurance  via JoHo. As a JoHo member you will receive the benefits of the JoHo subscription

How to choose and purchase a JoHo subscription services

Purchasing JoHo subscription services

  • JoHo members can choose to purchase a subscription for choice assistance, advice, discounts, or extra support for JoHo
  • If you want to purchase subscription services, you are able to do so with the same form as the one to become a JoHo member
  • If you already are a JoHo member and want to change to, or add, a subscription, please fill out form for changing your membership

How does registering, logging in & creating a password work

  • As a new JoHo member you automatically receive an online account at joho.org, which you can activate with a link that you will receive in your mailbox

Read more at

Are you able to become a member without an IBAN/SEPA bank account?

  • If you don't have an IBAN (international bank account number) with SEPA, but you still want to use membership services or support JoHo's projects and initiatives, including Smokey Tours, take a look at the page about International services

What are the rules and guidelines?

What is your JoHo number?

  • You can find your JoHo number at your My JoHo page as soon as you are logged in at joho.org
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WorldSupporter: what are WorldSupporter Summaries and how to create or use them?

WorldSupporter: what are WorldSupporter Summaries and how to create or use them?

What types of summaries and study assistance does WorldSupporter offer?

Summaries and study materials can be found in 6 different forms:

  • Book summaries: give you insight into the main and side issues of the most essential and current literature in your field
  • BulletPoint Summaries: ultra-short summaries displayed in bullets
  • Article summaries: summaries of scientific articles that you will use during and after your studies
  • ExamTickets: consist of short bullets with subject-oriented exam tips and sample questions, so that you know what you have to learn and how you should study
  • ExamTests: consist of bundles of exam and practice questions that provide extra understanding, test your knowledge and give insight into the way in which an exam will be taken
  • Study Notes & Sheets:  summaries of lectures, working groups that give you more insight into what is considered important by teachers.

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  • Always make sure that you do not violate copyright if you use material from others and make good use of source listings

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WorldSupporter: how to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?

WorldSupporter: how to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?

Online access to all summaries, study notes en practice exams

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WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

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Summaries: home page

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Skills: suggestions and summaries on academic skills

Suggestions and summaries of Worldsupporters on academic skill improvement

 

Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

Book summary of Critical Thinking - Moore & Parker - 12th edition

What is critical thinking? - Chapter 1

[TOC]

What is the importance of critical thinking?

For us humans, there is an importance in critical thinking because it aids us in making good decisions. Often we do not realise how irrational our decisions can be, and this is where critical thinking comes in. Critical thinking basically means thinking about our thinking. We make use of logic and reason to determine whether or not a claim is true, if the reasoning behind it is sound and if we can draw a correlation or connection. It is not necessarily about coming up with claim as much as evaluating the correctness of claims that have been made and try to form a proper conclusion.

To achieve this, we evaluate our thinking on the basis of rationality. When we understand how critical thinking works, we can use this knowledge to be critical in multiple subjects and situations in our daily lives. It is, however, important to understand that criticising other people’s claims and ideas does not mean that we want to attack other people, only that we are trying to find the logic in them. Also, criticising other people in not always a case of critical thinking. People can criticise in the most illogical and unreasonable ways, without considering whether or not their claims are true or their reasoning sound.

When we come to a conclusion at the end of a reasoning, we call that a belief. Beliefs are prepositional and can be either true or false. Beliefs can be compared to a judgement or an opinion. When a belief is stated in a declarative way, that is when we start calling it a claim or statement. Claims are things that we can think critically about.

What are important elements of critical thinking?

Within critical thinking, there are three important parts: claims, issues and arguments. These parts can be analysed once they have been determined in conversation or writing.

Claims

Claims are things that we write or declare, to bring across information. With claims we often deal with statements, opinions or beliefs. Claims can be true

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Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Chapter 1: Literature

 

Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

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Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

Stats for students: Simple steps for passing your statistics courses

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How to triumph over the theory of statistics (without understanding everything)?

Stats of students

  • The first years that you follow statistics, it is often a case of taking knowledge for granted and simply trying to pass the courses. Don't worry if you don't understand everything right away: in later years it will fall into place, and you will see the importance of the theory you had to know before.
  • The book you need to study may be difficult to understand at first. Be patient: later in your studies, the effort you put in now will pay off.
  • Be a Gestalt Scientist! In other words, recognize that the whole of statistics is greater than the sum of its parts. It is very easy to get hung up on nit-picking details and fail to see the forest because of the trees
  • Tip: Precise use of language is important in research. Try to reproduce the theory verbatim (i.e. learn by heart) where possible. With that, you don't have to understand it yet, you show that you've been working on it, you can't go wrong by using the wrong word and you practice for later reporting of research.
  • Tip: Keep study material, handouts, sheets, and other publications from your teacher for future reference.

How to score points with formulas of statistics (without learning them all)?

  • The direct relationship between data and results consists of mathematical formulas. These follow their own logic, are written in their own language, and can therefore be complex to comprehend.
  • If you don't understand the math behind statistics, you don't understand statistics. This does not have to be a problem, because statistics is an applied science from which you can also get excellent results without understanding. None of your teachers will understand all the statistical formulas.
  • Please note: you will probably have to know and understand a number of formulas, so that you can demonstrate that you know the principle of how statistics work. Which formulas you need to know differs from subject to subject and lecturer to lecturer, but in general these are relatively simple formulas that occur frequently, and your lecturer will likely tell you (often several times) that you should know this formula.
  • Tip: if you want to recognize statistical symbols, you can use: Recognizing commonly used statistical symbols
  • Tip: have fun with LaTeX! LaTeX code gives us a simple way to write out mathematical formulas and make them look professional. Play with LaTeX. With that, you can include used formulas in your own papers and you learn to understand how a formula is built up – which greatly benefits your understanding and remembering that formula. See also (in Dutch): How to create formulas like a pro on JoHo WorldSupporter?
  • Tip: Are you interested in a career in sciences or programming? Then take your formulas seriously and go through them again after your course.

How to practice your statistics (with minimal effort)?

How to select your data?

  • Your teacher will regularly use a dataset for lessons during the first years of your studying. It is instructive (and can be a lot of fun) to set up your own research for once with real data that is also used by other researchers.
  • Tip: scientific articles often indicate which datasets have been used for the research. There is a good chance that those datasets are valid. Sometimes there are also studies that determine which datasets are more valid for the topic you want to study than others. Make use of datasets other researchers point out.
  • Tip: Do you want an interesting research result? You can use the same method and question, but use an alternative dataset, and/or alternative variables, and/or alternative location, and/or alternative time span. This allows you to validate or falsify the results of earlier research.
  • Tip: for datasets you can look at Discovering datasets for statistical research

How to operationalize clearly and smartly?

  • For the operationalization, it is usually sufficient to indicate the following three things:
    • What is the concept you want to study?
    • Which variable does that concept represent?
    • Which indicators do you select for those variables?
  • It is smart to argue that a variable is valid, or why you choose that indicator.
  • For example, if you want to know whether someone is currently a father or mother (concept), you can search the variables for how many children the respondent has (variable) and then select on the indicators greater than 0, or is not 0 (indicators). Where possible, use the terms 'concept', 'variable', 'indicator' and 'valid' in your communication. For example, as follows: “The variable [variable name] is a valid measure of the concept [concept name] (if applicable: source). The value [description of the value] is an indicator of [what you want to measure].” (ie.: The variable "Number of children" is a valid measure of the concept of parenthood. A value greater than 0 is an indicator of whether someone is currently a father or mother.)

How to run analyses and draw your conclusions?

  • The choice of your analyses depends, among other things, on what your research goal is, which methods are often used in the existing literature, and practical issues and limitations.
  • The more you learn, the more independently you can choose research methods that suit your research goal. In the beginning, follow the lecturer – at the end of your studies you will have a toolbox with which you can vary in your research yourself.
  • Try to link up as much as possible with research methods that are used in the existing literature, because otherwise you could be comparing apples with oranges. Deviating can sometimes lead to interesting results, but discuss this with your teacher first.
  • For as long as you need, keep a step-by-step plan at hand on how you can best run your analysis and achieve results. For every analysis you run, there is a step-by-step explanation of how to perform it; if you do not find it in your study literature, it can often be found quickly on the internet.
  • Tip: Practice a lot with statistics, so that you can show results quickly. You cannot learn statistics by just reading about it.
  • Tip: The measurement level of the variables you use (ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal) largely determines the research method you can use. Show your audience that you recognize this.
  • Tip: conclusions from statistical analyses will never be certain, but at the most likely. There is usually a standard formulation for each research method with which you can express the conclusions from that analysis and at the same time indicate that it is not certain. Use that standard wording when communicating about results from your analysis.
  • Tip: see explanation for various analyses: Introduction to statistics
Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

Study Guide for summaries with Academic Writing Skills by Van der Molen a.o.

Study Guide with summaries and study assistance for:

  • Booktitle: Academic Writing Skills
  • Authors: Van der Molen; Ackermann; Osseweijer; Schmidt; van der Wal; de Boer; Polak
  • Edition: 3rd

Summaries expected September 24th

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Summary of Writing Psychology Research Reports by Starreveld - 1st edition - Exclusive
Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

Summary of What is this thing called Science by Chalmers: 4th edition

Does knowledge consist of facts that have come from experience? - Chapter 1

What is the common sense view of science?

In the first four chapters of this book, the statement "science is derived from facts" is critically analyzed. Throughout the book, this statement's meaning changes slightly. Facts are statements about the world that can be sensed. Facts are neither personal opinions nor speculative ideas. If the world is perceived accurately and without prejudice, the facts that are established are, therefore, a reliable and objective basis for science. Scientific knowledge is reliable and objective if the facts guide conclusive reasoning to laws and theories that make up the basis for scientific knowledge. Before the 17th century, science was primarily based on authorities such as the Bible and Aristotle. Due to people like Galileo, this idea changed in the 17th century. People started to see observation as the basis of science.

Empirists (such as Berkeley, Locke, and Hume) and positivists held the idea that we can see facts as indisputably correct through observation. It follows from this reasoning that knowledge derived from this is objective and reliable. However, it is doubtful that science is based on observable facts. The problem that arises following the statement that science can be deduced from the facts relates to:

  1. The nature of the 'facts' and the way in which scientists have access to those facts;
  2. The way in which laws and theories can be derived from the facts, once we know those facts.

Some believe that facts are at the basis of science because they have the following assumptions:

  • Facts are directly accessible through the senses to all unbiased observers;
  • Facts precede the theory and are independent of it;
  • Facts are
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What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

What is the study field and working area of professional skills in pedagogics?

Professional skills in pedagogy encompass the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes that educators and educational professionals need to effectively work with children, young people, and adults. These skills are essential for guiding learning processes, creating safe and stimulating learning environments, and ensuring the optimal development of individuals.

What are the main features of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Scientific Foundation: Skills are based on research in learning, development, and effective teaching practices.
  • Reflection and Critical Thinking: Educators can reflect on their practice, critically evaluate their work, and continuously develop their knowledge and skills.
  • Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication with students, parents, colleagues, and others is crucial. Collaboration is key to creating optimal learning environments.
  • Diversity Awareness: Recognizing and valuing differences, educators can work effectively with learners from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and needs.
  • Ethics and Professionalism: Educators act in accordance with ethical principles and professional codes of conduct.

What are the most important sub-areas of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Instructional Science: Teaching skills, lesson planning, assessment methods, learning processes.
  • Developmental Psychology: Cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children and young people.
  • Educational Sciences: Educational styles, parental involvement, managing challenging behaviors.
  • Classroom Management: Creating safe and stimulating environments, classroom management techniques.
  • Special Education: Supporting learners with special educational needs.

What are the most important concepts of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • Learning: How people learn in different ways and how to optimize learning processes.
  • Development: The stages of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
  • Education: The principles and practices of effective teaching.
  • Inclusion: Creating learning environments where all students feel welcome, valued, and challenged.

Who are the most influential figures of professional skills in pedagogics?

  • John Dewey: American philosopher and educator, advocated for experiential learning.
  • Jean Piaget: Swiss psychologist, known for his theory of cognitive development.
  • Lev Vygotsky: Russian psychologist, emphasized the role of social interaction in learning.
  • Paulo Freire: Brazilian educator, proponent of critical pedagogy.
  • Maria Montessori: Italian physician and educator, developer of the Montessori method.

Why is professional skills in pedagogics important?

Professional skills in pedagogy are crucial for:

  • Promoting the optimal development of children, young people, and adults.
  • Guiding effective learning processes.
  • Creating safe and stimulating learning environments.
  • Addressing diversity and inclusion.
  • Acting ethically and professionally.

What are applications of professional skills in pedagogics in practice?

Pedagogical professionals with strong skills work in diverse settings, including:

  • Schools: Teachers, lecturers, educational support staff.
  • Early Childhood Education: Educators, childcare providers.
  • Youth Work: Youth workers, youth coaches.
  • Special Education: Educational support staff, pedagogues.
  • Other Educational Settings: Trainers, instructional designers, curriculum developers.
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What is insurance for studying abroad, and why should you take out specialized travel insurance for your education abroad?

What is insurance for studying abroad?

  • Insurance for studying abroad means that you take out insurance that continues to provide coverage during your studies, your education, and your related activities abroad.
  • Insurance for studying abroad is also referred to as study insurance. This study insurance is specifically for when you go abroad for a long period of time to take courses, study, or conduct research abroad.

Why should you take out specialized travel insurance for a study abroad?

  • Study insurance is specifically designed for studying abroad, whereas regular travel insurance policies may offer coverage on paper but handle this situation differently in practice.
  • Study insurance offers coverage for longer stays than regular (vacation) travel insurance.
  • Study insurance is also suitable for many types of activities, ranging from various sports to hiking at high altitudes.
  • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if you start working during your trip, whether planned or unplanned. If you have not taken out insurance before departure that allows you to work, there is no guarantee that you will be able to take out insurance abroad that provides coverage.
  • Study insurance continues to provide coverage if your own country's health insurance no longer provides coverage.
  • Student insurance also covers your healthcare costs above the rates in your own country; with regular insurance, you have to pay the extra costs yourself.
  • Student insurance can also continue to provide coverage if (study) visa issuers impose additional requirements on how you insure yourself, for example if you are going to the US and applying for a J-1 visa.
  • Student insurance continues to provide coverage if you are staying abroad for a longer period of time and want to visit your own country in between.

What is important to insure when you are going to study abroad?

  • That you have insurance that is valid in the country or countries where you are going to travel and work.
  • That you are adequately insured for the sports and activities you are going to participate in during your period abroad
  • That you are insured for emergency assistance and early return if something happens to you or your immediate family.
  • That your medical expenses are insured up to the actual cost and not just for the standard costs. The costs per medical treatment vary greatly between countries.
  • That you insure your luggage and take sufficient precautions against theft or damage.
  • That you are well insured against personal liability.
  • That you are well insured in case of accidents.
  • That you only insure yourself for legal assistance if there is an immediate reason to do so, unless coverage is already automatically included in the insurance.
  • That you pay close attention to choosing the right coverage when performing work alongside your studies.

Check out more about international insurances

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Spotlight NL

Samenvattingen: startpagina per studie en studierichting in Nederland

Samenvattingen: startpagina per studie en studierichting in Nederland

Samenvattingen per studie en studierichting in Nederland

Waar gaat de pagina over?

Waar kan je ook heen?

Hoe kan je hier verder?

  • Lees verder voor de uitgelichte studie sen studierichtingen, en klik op de titel van je interesse
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Organisaties in het spotlicht: Studieverenigingen in Nederland met samenvattingenservices

Organisaties in het spotlicht: Studieverenigingen in Nederland met samenvattingenservices

Utgelichte studieverenigingen met JoHo WorldSupporter samenvattingenservices

Alcmaeon: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Alcmaeon: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Samenvattingen en studiehulp via Alcmaeon?

  • De Utrechtse Psychologievereniging Alcmaeon is een vereniging voor alle psychologiestudenten van de Universiteit Utrecht. Alcmaeon is de partner van JoHo WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen en studiehulp voor studenten Psychologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht.
  • Wil je weten wat je moet leren voor je vak, hoe je tentamen er uit ziet en hoe je je vak
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Dimensie: summaries and study assistance

Dimensie: summaries and study assistance

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Summaries and study assistance by Dimensie

  • Dimensie is the Study Association to support Psychology students at the University of Twente. 
  • As a Study Association, Dimensies tries to facilitate the connection between the study Psychology and its students as well as constantly trying to improve the quality of their education. Apart from this, Dimensie organizes lectures, workshops, and sports
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Emile: Pedagogiek Leiden

Emile: Pedagogiek Leiden

Studievereniging Emile & JoHo WorldSupporter

  • De Leidse Pedagogiekvereniging Emile is een vereniging voor alle studenten Pedagogische Wetenschappen en Academische PABO van de Universiteit Leiden.
  • Emile was tot 2025/2026 de partner van JoHo WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen en studiehulp voor studenten Pedagogiek en PABO aan de Universiteit Leiden.

Hoe vind je samenvattingen voor pedagogiekstudenten in Leiden?

  • Zorg dat je
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Labyrint: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Labyrint: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Samenvattingen en studiehulp via Labyrint?

  • De Leidse Psychologievereniging Labyrint is een vereniging voor alle psychologiestudenten van de Universiteit Leiden. Labyrint is de partner van JoHo WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen en studiehulp voor studenten Psychologie aan de Universiteit Leiden.
  • Wil je weten wat je moet leren voor je vak, hoe je tentamen er uit ziet en hoe je je vak
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PAP: samenvattingen en studiehulp

PAP: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Samenvattingen en studiehulp via PAP?

  • De Utrechtse Pedagogiekvereniging PAP is een vereniging voor alle studenten Pedagogische Wetenschappen van de Universiteit Utrecht. PAP is de partner van JoHo WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen en studiehulp voor studenten Pedagogiek aan de Universiteit Utrecht.
  • Wil je weten wat je moet leren voor je vak, hoe je tentamen er uit ziet en hoe je
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Versatile: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Versatile: samenvattingen en studiehulp

Samenvattingen en studiehulp via Versatile?

  • De De Utrechtse studievereniging Versatile is een vereniging voor alle ISW-studenten van de Universiteit Utrecht. Versatile is de partner van JoHo WorldSupporter voor samenvattingen en studiehulp voor studenten Interdisciplinaire Wetenschappen aan de Universiteit Utrecht.
  • Wil je weten wat je moet leren voor je vak, hoe je tentamen er uit ziet
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VIP: summaries and study assistance
VSPA: summaries and study assistance

VSPA: summaries and study assistance

Summaries and study assistance via VSPA

  • VSPA is the study association for the Psychology students ​at the University of Amsterdam.
  • VSPA organizes study-related and social activities.

Summaries and study assistance & JoHo WorldSupporter

  • JoHo WorldSupporter aims to make the best possible summaries and study help as accessible and affordable as possible
  • See below for the book
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Skills: suggestions, summaries and tips of Worldsupporters on values and skills improvement

Suggestions, summaries and tips of WorldSupporters related to competencies and skills improvement

 

 

What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

What are the 13 conditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

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What are the 13 preconditions for balance and fulfillment in study, work and private life

  1. Help yourself by helping others
  2. Create perspective by opening new doors
  3. Don't give up but care about something
  4. Use your empathic skills
  5. Stay with yourself and leave that herd behind you
  6. Focus on your journey and not your destination
  7. Actively deal with your negative emotions
  8. Appreciate and celebrate your small successes
  9. Let others walk their own path
  10. Establish and maintain social contacts
  11. Feel unlimited and not limited
  12. Discover your qualities, take advantage of your opportunities and avoid cliffs
  13. Seek fulfillment in study, work, travel and the world around you

Signed en researched by

  • The JoHo WorldSupporter team

 

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences

Chapter 1: Literature

 

Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)

Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)

Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)

Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)

Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)

Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)

Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)

Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)

Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive to purchase. Can be a useful source of information when

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Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel

De meeste leiderschapsstudies houden zich niet bezig met de complexiteit van intra-organisatorische processen, waaronder veranderingsimplementatie processen, die verschillende activiteiten met zich mee brengen. In deze studie wordt er beweerd dat het waarschijnlijk is dat managers verschillende activiteiten benadrukken in de geplande organisatieverandering implementatie, afhankelijk van de mix van hun leiderschapscompetenties.

Effectief leiderschap en de bekrachtiging van geplande organisatieverandering

In deze studie wordt het taak-georiënteerde en persoons-georiënteerde model gebruikt. Taak-georiënteerde vaardigheden zijn gerelateerd aan organisatie structuur, ontwerp en controle en het vaststellen van routines om organisatiedoelen en doelstellingen te halen. Persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden omvat gedrag dat collaboratieve interactie tussen organisatiewerknemers stimuleert, een ondersteunend sociaal klimaat vaststelt en managementpraktijken stimuleert die gelijke behandeling van werknemers verzekert.

Effectiviteit van de twee verschillende soorten vereist verschillende, maar gerelateerde groepen bekwaamheden. Effectiviteit van taak-georiënteerd gedrag staat of valt met het vermogen om taakeisen duidelijk te maken en taken te structureren rondom de missie en doelen van de organisatie. Effectiviteit van persoons-georiënteerd gedrag berust op het vermogen om rekening te houden met anderen als ook het rekening houden met je eigen emoties en die van anderen. Afhankelijk van de mix van deze leiderschapscompetenties wordt er een verschillende nadruk gelegd op de activiteiten die nodig zijn bij het implementeren van organisatieverandering.

Deze activiteiten bestaan uit communiceren, mobiliseren en evalueren. Communiceren: activiteiten die leiders uitvoeren om de noodzaak van verandering uit te leggen en hun visie te delen met de werknemers. Mobiliseren: acties die leiders uitvoeren om support van collega’s te krijgen en de inwerkingtreding van nieuwe werkroutines te aanvaarden. Evalueren: maatstaven die leiders gebruiken om de impact van de implementatie te volgen en vast te stellen en veranderingen te institutionaliseren.

Communiceren van de noodzaak van organisatieverandering

Leiders die veranderingen doorvoeren moeten de noodzaak van deze verandering communiceren met hun werknemers. De werknemers moeten begrijpen waarom gedrag en routines moeten worden veranderd.

Hypothese 1a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

Hypothese 1b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn minder goed in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.

Mobiliseren van anderen om verandering te accepteren

Tijdens implementatie moeten leiders hun werknemers mobiliseren om de veranderingen te accepteren en toe te passen in hun dagelijkse routines. Mobiliseren is moeilijk doordat er verschillende persoonlijke en beroepsdoelen zijn, en dus verschillende opvattingen over de verandering. Mobiliseren brengt zowel taak als persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden met zich mee.

Hypothese 2a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

Hypothese 2b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.

Evalueren van de implementatie van de verandering

Leiders moeten evalueren in hoeverre organisatieleden routines, werkwijzen en gedrag uitvoeren dat

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How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive

Health psychology focuses on the influence of psychological and behavioral factors on health, often in combination with the environment. Stress is central to this.

What models of personality are there?

What is the interactional model?

The interactional model suggests that personality factors determine the impact of events, because they determine how someone deals with the situation. Personality would thus influence coping. How someone deals with an event determines the degree of stress caused by that event. However, a limitation of this model is that stable coping strategies have never been found.

What is the transactional model?

The transactional model does things differently. According to this model, personality has three potential effects:

  1. Personality can influence coping.
  2. Personality can affect how the person interprets an event.
  3. Personality can influence the event itself.

It is not the event that causes stress here, but rather how it is dealt with. This model is called transactional because of the person's influence on the event and the person's appreciation. There is mutual influence.

What is the health and behavior model?

A third model is the health and behavior model. This assumes that personality does not directly influence the degree of stress or illness, but that it indirectly influences stress or illness through certain behaviors, such as unsafe sex or overeating. The less healthy someone is, the greater the chance of experiencing more stress.

What is the disease and behavior model?

Another model is the disease and behavior model. In this model, disease is explained as the presence of an objectively measurable abnormal physiological process, such as fever, high blood pressure, or a tumor. Abnormal or sick behavior is about the way people behave when they think they are sick. Personality determines the degree of sick behavior, whether or not in combination with a real illness.

According to the predispositional model, associations exist between personality and illness because of a third variable that affects both, namely predisposition. The predisposition can exist for stable individual personality differences and for specific illnesses.

What is stress?

Stress is a subjective feeling that is the result of uncontrollable and threatening events (stressors). These are often extreme situations with unpleasant consequences that cannot be influenced. Stress can be divided into low sources of stress in daily life (daily hassles) and important life events (major life events). Major life events are associated with intensity, conflict and uncontrollability. Positive things can also be very stressful, for example a marriage, a move or a promotion. People with a lot of stress in their lives have many psychological and physiological symptoms. Possible responses to stress may include palpitations, increased blood pressure, sweaty hands and feet, and

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From language courses to gap year abroad, from work experience to volunteering abroad, from paid work to internship abroad, from mountaineering to diving and from backpacking to travel around the world

    What social activities can you do abroad?

    • Opportunities are found in the areas of helping, learning or studying. You can get involved to volunteer in a social project at a school in Africa, Asia or Latin America. You can get involved in nature, in a project with animals or cleaning the sea or beaches. Those who want to learn more can choose for example a language course in Latin America, Spain or South Africa.

    What work related activities can you do abroad?

    • If you want to gain work experience, and/or also earn money, go and work abroad. You can combine backpacking in Australia with temporary work. You can work on campsites in Europe or bush camps in Africa. You can pretty much go all over the world to work in the hospitality industry, hotels and hostels, in the healthcare sector or for example at a diving school.

    What sports activities to do abroad?

    • Have you ever thought of mountain biking, rafting (going down a wild river on a raft or rubber dinghy, climbing or canoeing), survival (which involves building rafts, climbing or canoeing), abseiling (descending a rock face while secured to ropes), zip-lining (whizzing down a cable), canyoning (starting at the top of a river and then climbing, swimming, diving down the bed) or caving (scrambling, wriggling and crawling through caves and crevices)?
    • Maybe you feel more comfortable on a bodyboard (on a half-wave surfboard, you surf the high waves lying down-with flippers), on a hang glider or while paragliding (with a parachute you float down a mountain or dune), hydrospeeding (on a bodyboard with flippers and a wetsuit on you go down a wild river via rapids) or Tiefschneeskiing (racing down through powder snow)?

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