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What is social facilitation?
Social facilitation is a psychological phenomenon that explores how the presence of others can influence our performance on a task. It suggests that we sometimes perform better when others are around, but it's not always a straightforward boost.
What are the main features of social facilitation?
- Increased Arousal: The presence of others can elevate our arousal level, which can be both helpful and distracting.
- Task Difficulty: Social facilitation has a bigger impact on simpler, well-rehearsed tasks compared to complex or unfamiliar ones.
- Evaluation Apprehension: The fear of being judged by others can play a role, potentially hindering performance on complex tasks.
Why is social facilitation important?
Social facilitation is important because it helps us understand the influence of social context on our behavior. It highlights the interplay between:
- Individual Abilities: Our skills and knowledge are the foundation for performance.
- Social Environment: The presence of others can either enhance or hinder our performance.
- Task Characteristics: Simple vs. complex tasks are affected differently by social presence.
How is social facilitation applied in practice?
Social facilitation can be seen in various situations:
- Public Speaking: Some people find an audience energizing, while others experience stage fright.
- Group Work: Collaboration can boost creativity on simple tasks but might hinder performance on complex ones if not well-coordinated.
- Exercise Classes: The presence of others can motivate some people to push harder, while others might feel self-conscious.
Practical example
Imagine two friends practicing a dance routine together. The familiar and well-rehearsed nature of the task (simple) might benefit from the social facilitation effect. They might feed off each other's energy and perform the routine more confidently compared to practicing alone.
Critical comments
- Oversimplification: Social facilitation doesn't fully explain the complexities of social influence on performance. Personality, social anxiety, and group dynamics also play a role.
- Focus on Arousal: The theory primarily focuses on arousal rather than considering the cognitive processes involved in social evaluation and performance monitoring.
- Limited Scope: It mainly addresses performance in the presence of others, not the potential influence of virtual audiences or social media pressure.
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Studiegids voor begrippen en definities bij Sociale psychologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht
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