What is the European Union?

The EU is a political and economic union of 27 European member states. It fosters cooperation and integration among them, aiming to:

• Promote peace and stability in Europe.
• Create a single market with free movement of goods, services, people, and capital.
• Strengthen economic and political ties between member states.
• Act as a unified voice on the global stage.

What are the main features of the European Union?

• Supranationalism: EU institutions like the Parliament and Commission have some authority above national governments in specific areas defined by treaties.
• Shared Sovereignty: Member states cede some decision-making power to the EU in these areas for common goals.
• Treaty-Based Framework: Founding treaties like the Treaty on European Union (TEU) establish core principles and limitations of the EU.
• Economic and Political Integration: Creates a single market and fosters cooperation on various policy issues.
• Dynamic and Evolving: The EU constantly adapts through new treaties, regulations, and court rulings.

Why is the European Union important?

• Economic Powerhouse: The EU is the world's largest single market and a major trading bloc, influencing global trade and economic policies.
• Promotes Peace and Stability: The EU's focus on cooperation and shared interests has helped prevent major conflicts between member states.
• Strengthens Human Rights: The EU promotes democracy, human rights, and the rule of law within its borders and through its international relations.
• Sets Global Standards: The EU plays a significant role in setting standards for product safety, environmental protection, and labor rights.

How is the European Union applied in practice?

• Single Market: Businesses can operate freely across member states without customs barriers, boosting economic activity.
• Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): Supports European farmers and ensures food security.
• Erasmus+ Program: Promotes student and faculty exchange across member states.
• Environmental Regulations: Establishes common standards for air and water quality, waste management, and climate change action.

Practical example

• Schengen Area: Allows passport-free travel for citizens of 26 European countries, promoting tourism, business, and personal connections.

Critical comments

• Democratic Deficit: Critics argue decision-making processes within the EU are too complex and lack transparency.
• Economic Disparities: The level of economic development varies significantly among member states, creating challenges for integration.
• Euroscepticism: Some people and political movements in member states oppose further EU integration and question its effectiveness.
• Migrant Crisis: The EU has faced challenges in developing a unified response to migration issues.