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Interrailing Europe in the summer of 2021
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Lecture 2 - The eyes (Sensation & perception UU)

Our lens:

  • Makes sure that light converges to a single point in our retina
  • Does this using accommodation
    • Near target: thick lens
    • Far target: broad lens

Accommodation is not enough: you also need convergence. Re...

Lecture 1 - Introduction (Sensation & Perception UU)

The senses are:           Vision is the primary sense in humans. Blindness is a much more serious disability than in any of the other senses. The human also does a lot of analysis of vision. A huge proportion of our brain is devoted to vision. Perception is very subjective...

 Lecture 14 - Evolution (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Development of traits:

  • Variation
  • Heritability
  • Natural selection / adaptedness

Key factor is selection pressure Are we dealing with common descent or with convergence?

  • Common descent: we lijken meet op apen omdat deze dichterbij liggen in de evolutie

 Lecture 13 - Decision making (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Utility: psychological value assigned to an outcome. Prospect theory

  • Prospect: option whose future rewards and probabilities are known or can be estimated.
  • It is a descriptive theory: it describes what people will choose instead of should do.
  • It differs from the expected...

 Lecture 12 - Executive Function (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Executive functions modulate the activity of other cognitive functions in a flexible and goal-directed manner. They perform a supervisory or regulatory role.

  • Flexible: depending on the current context
  • Goal-directed: to achieve the current goal

Taxonomy of executive func...

Lecture 11 - Language (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Phonology: the study of the abstract sound patterns of a particular language, usually according to some system of rules. Syntax: the rules for arranging items into their possible permissible combinations in a language. Semantics: the analysis of the meaning of a language. Language is a system of ...

 Lecture 10 - Social cognition (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Our brains may have grown in size because we are social animals. The orbitofrontal cortex plays a role in social functioning.

  • OFC damage: over-reliance on perceptual cues to guide behavior
  • Difficulty placing appropriateness of behavior in context
  • Lack awareness of whethe...

 Lecture 9 - Emotion (Cognitive Neuroscience, UU)

Emotion has a signaling function, for example for a threat to integrity. Emotions trigger adaptive responses. From evolutionary perspective: we use it for responses that are adaptive. Emotions are universal, the basic emotions are: happiness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust and sadness.

  • P...

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