Examtests with Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences by Agresti - 6th edition

What are statistical methods? – ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

What data describes the population?

1. The parameter.

2. The statistic.

3. The sample.

4. The regression.

Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Open question 2

Lydia is researching the influence of chewing gum on concentration in young people. She selects participants from different secondary schools to participate in her experiment. What is the population in this example and what is the sample?

Open question 3

Myrthe looks at the annual expenditures of families in various regions in the Netherlands over the period from 1980 to the past year. Does she use inferential or descriptive statistics?

Open question 4

An occupational psychologist conducts research into work stress in starting entrepreneurs. He uses data from the Kamer van Koophandel and finds that 62% of the entrepreneurs are men and 38% women. Of the entrepreneurs participating in his study, 73% of women report above-average stress, compared to 45% of men. He predicts that female entrepreneurs will more often suffer from burnout complaints. Which part of the research is descriptive statistics, and which part is inferential?

Open question 5

What is the statistics called that deals with drawing conclusions?

Open question 6

What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Answers MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

A. The parameter.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize data. The descriptive statistic refers to the entire population. The descriptive data is first discussed in a scientific article to get an idea of ​​the data. Inferential statistics are used to make predictions and to test hypotheses. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics oppose each other.

Open question 2

• The population: young people.

• The sample: the selected participants in secondary schools.

Open question 3

Descriptive statistics. If her research were to make predictions about household spending in the current year, it would be inferential statistics.

Open question 4

The distribution of male / female entrepreneurs is descriptive, as is the percentage of entrepreneurs in both groups reporting above-average stress. The prediction about burnout complaints is inferential.

Open question 5

Inferential statistics. This method assumes that the independent variable has had an effect when the difference between the means of the conditions is greater than we would expect from chance alone. We therefore compare the group means that we have found with the group means that we expected to find if there were only error variance. Unfortunately, this method does not provide any certainty. We can only determine the probability that the differences in group means are the result of error variance.

Open question 6

A parameter represents a value that describes the population. Think of the average school performance in the population. Unlike a parameter, a statistic describes data about a sample. Usually, a probability sample is used.

What kind of samples and variables are possible? - ExamTests 2

MC-questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

A demographic questionnaire asks about educational level, with the answer options: primary school, secondary education, secondary education and higher education. What kind of variable is "education level" in this case?

1. Interval.

2. Ordinal.

3. Nominal.

4. Ratio.

MC question 2

Joost conducts an opinion poll among students and takes a random sample at every university in the Netherlands. What kind of sampling is this?

1. Systematic.

2. Cluster.

3. Stratified.

4. Layered.

MC question 3

Which of the following variables are both discrete and quantitative (multiple answers possible):

1. Number of capitals in Europe that you can list within a minute.

2. Time that students need to learn to understand statistics.

3. Which student association students attend.

4. Number of times per year that Spongebob is on TV.

MC question 4

Someone claims about a certain variable that Elise's score is twice as large as Adriaan's score. What measurement level should the variable at least have to be able to make this statement?

1. Interval.

2. Ordinal.

3. Nominal.

4. Ratio.

MC question 5

In a survey, the variable Intelligence is measured in the following way:

1 = IQ less than 70

2 = IQ between 71 and 90

3 = IQ between 91 and 110

4 = IQ between 111 and 120

5 = IQ greater than 120

What measurement level does this variable have?

1. Interval.

2. Ordinal.

3. Nominal.

4. Ratio.

Open questions with chapter 2

Open question 1

What is the difference between a continuous and a discrete variable?

Open question 2

Name the three types of biases that can arise in a sample.

Open question 3

What is the difference between an independent and a dependent variable? Describe both concepts.

Answers MC-questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

B. Ordinal.

MC question 2

A. Systematic.

MC question 3

A (Number of capitals in Europe that you can list within a minute) and D (Number of times per year that Spongebob is on TV.).

MC question 4

D. Ratio.

MC question 5

B. An ordinal scale consists of a set of categories organized in a clear order. For example, you can rank participants in a singing competition from best to worst based on the round of applause they receive. However, we cannot perfectly judge how much more applause one singer has received than another.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 2

Open question 1

A variable is discrete when the possible values ​​are only individual numbers. A variable is continuous when its values ​​can take all possible values.

Open question 2

Sampling bias, response bias and non-response bias.

Open question 3

The dependent variable is the variable over which a prediction is made. A prediction is made about the dependent variable. The dependent variable is also referred to as the outcome. The independent variable is used to make a prediction. This is the predictor. A researcher expects the independent variable to influence the dependent variable.

What are the main measures and graphs of descriptive statistics? - ExamTests 3

MC-questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

Which center measure can you use for categorical variables?

1. The average.

2. The median.

3. The module.

4. The mode.

MC question 2

What view can be used to map the observations of a quantitative variable?

1. Scatterplot.

2. Contingency table.

3. Regression Analysis.

4. Bar graph.

Open questions with chapter 3

Open question 1

What is meant by the term interquartile range?

Open question 2

Which measure describes the typical distance to the mean in a distribution?

Open question 3

Mireille successfully completed eight courses in her first year of study. Below you can see the final results of her exams. What is her average grade and what is the standard deviation?

• Introduction to Psychology: 8.8
• Statistics and Methods 1: 7.2
• Brain and Behavior: 7.0
• Developmental Psychology: 7.4
• Social Psychology: 6.4
• Statistics and Methods 2: 6.8
• Psychopathology 1: 7.8
• Applied Psychology: 7.1

Answers MC-questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

C. The module.

MC question 2

A. Scatterplot.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 3

Open question 1

The difference between the first and third quartiles.

Open question 2

Standard deviation.

Open question 3

• Average grade = 7.3.

• Standard deviation = 0.01.

What role do probability distributions play in statistical inference? - ExamTests 4

MC-questions with chapter 4

MC question 1

How can the probability distribution of a discrete variable best be represented?

1. In a histogram.

2. In a curve.

3. In a boxplot.

4. In a scatterplot.

Open questions with chapter

MC question 1

Suppose that 94% of the Dutch population celebrates Sinterklaas with gifts and 60% gives gifts at Christmas. What is the chance that someone will celebrate both Sinterklaas and Christmas with gifts?

MC question 2

The IQ distribution has an average of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. What is the z-score of someone with an IQ of 120?

MC question 3

Suppose a study is being conducted into the number of times cyclists in Utrecht pass a traffic light per day. The sample consists of 700 male cyclists and 800 female cyclists. The mean is 20 and the standard deviation is 10. What is the standard error?

MC question 4

The distribution of incomes in India is positive skewed. What does a sampling distribution look like according to central limit theory if a large sample is used?

Answers MC-questions with chapter 4

MC question 1

A. In a histogram.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 4

Open question 1

0.94 x 0.60 = 0.564 = 56.4%.

Open question 2

z = (100-120) / 15 = 1.33.

Open question 3

10: the square root of 1500 = 0.26.

Open question 4

The sample distribution follows a normal distribution.

How can estimates for statistical inference be made? - ExamTests 5

MC-questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

What is the value that is most consistent with the observed data called?

1. Point estimate.

2. Interval estimation.

3. Maximum probability estimate.

4. Minimum probability estimate.

Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

In a market research into online shopping behavior, 79% of a sample of 1,200 people said they regularly order products online. Calculate the 95% confidence interval.

Open question 2

A random sample is taken in a study into the attitude of young people towards the fireworks ban. In the sample of 500 high school students, 56% are in favor and 44% against. Calculate the 99% confidence interval.

Open question 3

How can you reduce the confidence interval?

Open question 4

A women's magazine puts up a poll with the statement "My friends go for my family". 883 readers participate in the poll. What is the estimated standard error if 36% agree?

Open question 5

A researcher wants to investigate whether the mean IQ of people with a narrow head (μ narrow) is greater than 100. The null hypothesis is rejected from an average of 107.5. It is known that the IQ scores in the population are normally distributed with standard deviation 15; this applies both under the null hypothesis and under the alternative hypothesis. The researcher has a random sample (SRS) of n = 20 persons from the population of persons with a narrow head. The mean IQ in the sample was equal to 91.

What level of significance did the researcher use here?

Open question 6

A career choice agency uses a standard IQ test for HAVO students from the highest class. This test has a variance of 225. The scores obtained with this are normally distributed. A sample of 25 students from the group that applied to this office for advice scores an average of 119 on this test. What is the 95% confidence interval of the population mean?

Open question 7

We calculate the average mark for the Introduction to Psychology course. This mean is 6.5 with a standard deviation of 1.67. We assume that the numbers are normally distributed. What percentage of the students have obtained a 7 or higher?

Answers MC-questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

C. Maximum probability estimate.

Answer suggestions Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

Se = square root of (0.79) (0.21) / 1200 = 0.012. This is the standard error. 0.012 x 1.96 = 0.02. The 95% confidence interval is 0.79 ± 0.02, so 77 to 81% in the population sometimes orders products online. Se = 0.012. This is the standard error. 0.012 x 1.96 = 0.02. The 95% confidence interval is 0.79 ± 0.02, so 77 to 81% in the population sometimes orders products online.

Open question 2

Se = square root of (0.56) (0.44) / 500 = 0.022. This is the standard error. 0.022 x 2.58 = 0.06. The 99% confidence interval for the percentage of young people who are in favor of the fireworks ban is 0.56 ± 0.06, so 50 to 62% of the total population is in favor.

Open question 3

By using a larger sample.

Open question 4

Se = square root of (0.36) (0.64) / 883 = 0.016.

Open question 5

The significance level is 0.0125.

Open question 6

113.12 ≤ mean ≤ 124.88.

Open question 7

38%.

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