“Reilly (2019). Gender can be a continuous variable, not just a categorical one: Comment on Hyde, Bigler, Joel, Tate, and van Anders (2019). – Article summary

Sex-role identification refers to the degree to which we develop stereotypical gender traits (1), interests (2) and beliefs (3). Androgyny refers to a healthy integration of both masculine and feminine traits. This affords a greater cognitive and behavioural flexibility and is linked to better psychological health.

There are four reasons why gender should be viewed as a continuous variable:

  1. There is considerable variability in the acquisition of masculine and feminine traits in the population.
  2. This allows for less stereotyping in research.
  3. There are different degrees in a person’s adherence to gender roles and stereotypes.
  4. Nobody has only masculine or only feminine traits.

It appears as if femininity and masculinity are unrelated to sexual orientation. There is scientific evidence that gender identity and biological sex do not always align. This is not a pathology. The Hawthorne effect refers to people changing their answers on a questionnaire after they find out what the questionnaire is about.

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