Article summary with What about the mainstream? Assimilation in super-diverse times by Alba & Duyvendak - 2019

Introduction

Alba and Duyvendak (2019) challenge the dominant focus on "horizontal" integration in highly diverse societies, arguing that understanding assimilation also requires consideration of the "vertical" dimension: the power dynamics inherent in the mainstream culture. They propose a new theoretical framework for studying assimilation in "super-diverse" contexts.

Methodology

The article adopts a theoretical and conceptual approach, engaging with existing research on super-diversity, assimilation, and social power. It does not present original empirical data but utilizes existing studies and arguments to build the proposed framework.

Results

• Critique of existing frameworks:
  • Horizontality bias: Existing research primarily focuses on interactions between different immigrant groups, neglecting the power dynamics between immigrants and the dominant culture.
• Proposed new framework:
  • Integration and assimilation as multidimensional: Both processes involve cultural, economic, and social dimensions, with varying degrees of engagement with the mainstream.
  • Centrality of mainstream power: The concept of the mainstream emphasizes the continued social and cultural dominance of native populations, even when outnumbered by immigrants.
  • Assimilation pathways: Depending on context and individual aspirations, immigrants may choose assimilation (full engagement with the mainstream), selective adaptation (borrowing elements while retaining their own culture), or marginalization (limited interaction with both mainstream and other immigrant groups).

Conclusion

The authors argue that their framework offers a more nuanced understanding of assimilation in super-diverse societies by incorporating the concept of mainstream power and acknowledging diverse immigrant strategies.

Discussion

• The limitations of the framework are acknowledged, including the need for further empirical testing and refinement.
• The role of social context and specific policy choices in shaping integration pathways is highlighted.
• The authors call for research examining how mainstream cultures might also be influenced by diverse populations, leading to potential reciprocal change.

Overall

This theoretical work challenges existing scholarship on integration in super-diverse societies by introducing the concept of the mainstream and acknowledging its power dynamics. By moving beyond purely horizontal perspectives, Alba and Duyvendak offer a valuable framework for understanding diverse assimilation pathways and their complex interplay with dominant cultural forces. This contributes to ongoing debates on integration, social cohesion, and intercultural relations in an increasingly diverse world.