Samenvattingen per artikel bij het vak Neuropsychologische diagnostiek UU 20/21
Artikelsamenvatting bij The Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Ecological, Concurrent and Construct Validity van Norris & Tate - 2000
...........Read moreArticle summary with A real-life, ecologically valid test of executive functioning: The executive secretarial task by Lamberts, Evans & Spikman - 2010
...........Read moreArticle summary with Differential effects of everyday stress on the episodic memory test performances of young, mid-life, and older adults by VonDras a.o. - 2005
...........Read moreArticle summary with A comparison of visual working memory and episodic memory performance in younger and older adults by Lugtmeijer a.o. - 2019
...........Read moreArticle summary with A model to approaching and providing feedback to patients regarding invalid test performance in clinical neuropsychological evaluations by Carone e.a. - 2010
...........Read moreArticle summary with Fluid intelligence: A brief history by Kent - 2017
...........Read moreArticle summary with Dynamic assessment in persons with severe aphasia by Paemeleire & Moerkerke - 2019
...........Read moreIn the coming decades, the immigrant population will grow older. The cognitive impairment and dementia in this group will increase accordingly. The diagnosis is difficult for several reasons. Most of the elderly immigrants from ethnic minorities have limited knowledge of the host country’s language and many are low educated or illiterate. This makes cognitive testing impossible. Other cultural factors may also influence how these minorities perceive cognitive symptoms that accompany dementia, or their likelihood of visiting a memory clinic, or the communication between them and their doctors.
The Cross-Cultural Dementia screening is a new neuropsychological dementia screening test. There are three tests that measure memory, mental speed and executive function.
Memory is assessed by the Objects test which is a memory test that uses colored pictures of everyday objects. The individual has to recognize thirty target items amongst an increasing number of distracters. The test has two parts. Part A is a learning trial with immediate recognition. Part B consists of a delayed recognition trial.
Mental speed and inhibition are assessed by the Sun-Moon test. It contains a series of suns and moons that the participant has to name as fast as possible in the mother tongue. This test has also a second part, in which the individual has to say “sun” when a moon is shown and “moon” when a sun is shown.
Mental speed and divided attention are assessed by the Dots test. In part A of the test, the dominoes that have one to nine dots have to be connected in the right order as fast as possible by drawing a line in pencil. In part B of the test, the participant needs to connect black and white dominoes to one another, in both an alternating and an ascending order from one to nine, as fast as possible.
The test does not require general factual knowledge or reading and writing skills. There are several examples to make sure the individual understands the test. The researcher does not have to speak the same language as the participant to use this test.
The results show that the Cross-Cultural Dementia test is a culture-fair test. The three subtests all showed good sensitivity and specificity for dementia. The test proved to be suitable for elderly immigrants from different ethnic backgrounds.
Tactile information is processed by the somatosensory system. Somatosensory information is derived from different receptors in the skin, muscles and joints that transmit information about different basic sensory modalities. Such as gnostic touch (pressure, vibrations), proprioception (contains information about the position and movement of the body), pain and sensitivity to hot and cold, and affective touch. There are two systems responsible for converting somatosensory input to the brain:
Input is then forwarded to the primary somatosensory cortex (S-I), also known as somatosensitive bark. This is located in the parietal lobe. The somatosensory cortex contains somatotopic maps of the contralateral side of the body. When the somatosensory cortex is damaged, limitations can be seen in processing the physical and elemental characteristics of tactile stimuli. Higher order somatosensory processes involve more widely distributed networks, including the secondary somatosensory cortex (S-II). These processes include deriving the characteristics of an object, recognising an object and body perception-related processes.
Primary tactile disorders consist of an inability to detect basic somatosensory aspects, including limited sensitivity to pressure on the skin, reduced spatial acuity, loss of vibration, and limitations in proprioception. These disorders often result from damage to the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, thalamus or subcortical ascending to the somatosensory pathways. The deficits may relate to only a somatosensory submodality, while the others remain entirely intact. Primary tactile disorders can lead to higher order problems, such as the inability to recognise objects based on touch. However, higher order tactile disorders can also be present in the absence of primary elemental deficits.
Discrimination against haptic features. Haptic features include texture, substance, size, shape, weight and hardness of a stimulus. There are two categories related to the micro and macrogeometric properties of an object. Texture, density and thermal properties are considered to be microgeometric aspects. Size and shape are considered as macro geometric aspects. It is still unclear whether the two functions are also segregated at the neuroanatomical level.
Tactile apraxia. This is a deviation that occurs with actions related to the active sense of touch. This is not specific to the use of objects, but has to do with any action using the hand as a sensing means. These are problems in matching the hand movements with the characteristics of an object under certain circumstances. Tactile apraxia is often related to damage to the superior posterior parietal areas.
Tactile agnosia. This concerns the inability to recognise an object by touch.
Tactile aphasia. Tactile aphasia occurs when a person is unable to name an object based on touch (but can name the object when perceived through another modality). The patient is also able to visually depict and categorise the object based on meaning, indicating that semantic knowledge about the object is available to the patient.
Information about our body is based on the integration of visual, proprioceptive and tactile input. A distinction is made between body image and body scheme. The body image concerns a conscious perceptual identification of body characteristics. It is more visually based and is influenced by existing knowledge of body structure and semantics. The body scheme concerns the position of body parts in space for directing action. It is mainly based on tactile input and proprioceptive information and is continuously updated as our body moves and changes. Body representation disorders can include features of both types.
Structural body representation concerns the knowledge about the composition and shape of body parts. This is essential for forming body awareness. Here are some examples of disorders related to structural body representation and body awareness:
In autotopagnosia, patients are unable to pinpoint their own body parts on a visual schedule. In heterotopagnosia, patients are unable to identify the body parts of another. These disorders are associated with mid-temporal and parietal leasies in the dominant hemisphere.
Patients with asomatognosia experience that a body part is no longer there. In somatoparaphrenia, the patient experiences asomatognosia with extensive delusions, misidentifications and fabrications about the affected body part.
The phantom limb phenomenon concerns the persistent experience of the postural and motor aspects of a limb after the physical loss of that limb.
Artikelsamenvatting bij Object and space perception – Is it a matter of hemisphere? van Schintu e.a. - 2014
...........Read moreArticle summary with Language disorders in Guideline neuropsychological rehabilitation by Visch-Brink & Wencke Veenstra, Paragraph 3.9
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij Visual association test to detect early dementia of the Alzheimer type van Lindeboom e.a. - 2002
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping van Barbey e.a. - 2012
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij Neuropsychological assessment of 86-year-old man with Broca's aphasia complaining of memory difficulties van Woods e.a. - 2016
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij Diagnostische instrumenten voor het onderzoeken van Afasie van AfasieNet - 2015
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij Taalstoornissen van Visch-Brink & Wencke Veenstra (Richtlijn neuropsychologische revalidatie, 3.9)
...........Read moreArtikelsamenvatting bij A multiperspective approach to the conceptualization of executive functions. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology van Packwood e.a. - 2011
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