37,7 million people are living with HIV globally, of which 25,4 million live in Africa. Especially in southern African countries, the prevalence of HIV is very high:ZambiaBotswanaNamibiaSouth AfricaEswatini/SwazilandMozambiqueZimbabweAlthough the number of new infections is declining worldwide, the majority of new infections occur in Africa. These infections mainly (>60%) occur among women, while in Western Countries mainly men are affected. In general, the transmission rate from men to women is higher, women in Sub-Saharan Africa aren’t in the position to negotiate about safe sex and are often involved with older men. There are different HIV subtypes circulating. In Africa, HIV-1 subtype C is most common, while in Western Countries most infections are HIV-1 subtype B. This means that research mainly is done for HIV-1 subtype B, while in Africa medication for subtype C is necessary. Subtype C and D also appear more pathologic than subtype B. In 1996, a life-saving combination triple therapy was found. This therapy was very effective in suppressing the virus. However, ART (antiretroviral treatment) was hardly covered in the African region. This was the cause of many protests → ART for Africa. This led to an international response to AIDS:2000 Durban conference “Breaking the Silence” → the first conference held in an African countryIt finally became clear how big the problem was2001 UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDSMade sure that people who needed it, would get their medication2002 Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM)A lot of money was necessary to get the drugs where they were needed2003 PEPFAREmergency plan for AIDS reliefMeanwhile, UNAIDS was in discussion with several pharmaceutical companies to reduce the price of ART’s → the price...