SexologyChapter 15Sexual coercion Rape: non-consenting oral, anal, or vaginal penetration obtained by force, by threat of force, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent.Most statistics find that a woman’s lifetime risk of being raped is between 18 and 25 percent.The impact of rape Women who experience rape are more likely to show several types of psychological distressAnxietyDepressionSuicide ideation and attemptsPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Long-term psychological distress suffered by someone who has experienced a trauma.People who have experienced a terrifying event form a memory schema that involves information about the situation and their responses to it.Because the schema is large, many cues can trigger it and thereby evoke the feelings of terror that occurred at the time.The schema is probably activated at some level all the time.The consequences can be far reaching and long lasting.Most women who experience a sexual assault have negative psychological reactions immediately afterwards.Many show significant recovery within a year.A number of factors are associated with worse psychological outcomesWhether the woman has experienced sexual violence previouslyThe severity of the violenceReactions of others when the woman discloses the assaultPsychotherapeutic treatments for PTSD are available and they are successful in treating rape survivors.Some women experience self-blame.Self-blame is linked to worse long-term psychological outcomes.Damage to women’s physical health that may result from rapePhysical injuriesVaginal painWomen who have been forced to have oral sex may suffer irritation or damage to the throatWomen who were...