Introduction Mind-brain problem: issue of how the mind is related to the brain.Three main viewsDualismThe mind (or soul) is something independent of the bodyMaterialismThe mind is nothing but a by-product of the biological processes taking place in a particular brain.FunctionalismThe mind is indeed realised in a brain, but it could be copied in any other brain.Just like information on a computer can be copied to other computersDualism The mind refers to a person’s faculties to perceive, feel, think, remember and wantIn religions the mind is often equated with an immaterial, divine soul. This is an example of dualism. A similar view was defended by Descartes and, therefore, in philosophy is often called Cartesian dualismDualism is an intuitively attractive model of the mind-brain relationship because it gives humans free will and it readily accounts for the existence of consciousness in humans. The latter refers to the rich and coherent, private, first-person experience people have about themselves and the world around them.Dualism does have problems explaining how an immaterial mind can influence the body, and how it is possible that so much information processing in humans occurs unconsciously. It also does not agree with a scientific world view, where there is no place for mysterious and animistic substances.Materialism Materialism holds that there is no distinction between the mind and the brain, and that the mind is a direct consequence of the brain in operation. To make the distinction with functionalism clear, we take this to imply that the mind is linked to the specific brain in which it has been realisedAccording to the...