What are the three types of genotype-environment correlations?

The three types of genotype-environment correlations are

  • Passive
    The association between the genotype a child inherits from his or her parents and the environment (shaped by the parents with similar genotypes) in which the child is raised
  • Reactive
    The genotype leads to behaviour, which raises reactions from the environment
  • Active
    A genotype is associated with sertain behaviour, and the individual seeks out a fitting enviornment
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Genotype–environment correlations: Implications for determining the relationship between environmental exposures and psychiatric illness - summary of an article by Jaffee and Price

Genotype–environment correlations: Implications for determining the relationship between environmental exposures and psychiatric illness - summary of an article by Jaffee and Price

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Genotype–environment correlations: Implications for determining the relationship between environmental exposures and psychiatric illness
By: Jaffee, S. R., & Price, T. S. (2008)
Psychiatry, 7, 496–499


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Abstract

Psychological risk factors for psychiatric illness are moderately heritable.
This has two implications

  • Individuals actively shape their environments through heritable behaviour
  • The relationship between environmental exposure and psychopathology may be confounded by genotype

There are three types of genotype-environment correlation

  • Passive
    The association between the genotype a child inherits from his or her parents and the environment in which the child is raised.
  • Evocative (or reactive)
    The association between an individual’s genetically influenced behaviour and others’ reactions to that behaviour.
  • Active (or selective)
    The association between an individual’s genetic propensities and the environmental niches that individual selects.

These forms of genotype-environment correlation differ from gene-environment interaction (GxE), which refers to genetic differences in sensitivity to particular environmental effects.

  • Genotype-environment correlations explain why individuals have a genetic propensity to engage in sensation-seeking behaviours affiliate with drug-abusing peers.
  • GxE explains why heavy drug use is most likely to lead to psychosis only among individuals with a particular genotype.
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Evidence from the quantitative genetic literature

Twin and adoption studies demonstrated that putative environmental measures are heritable.

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Anxiety- and mood disorders

Anxiety- and mood disorders

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This is a bundle with information about anxiety- and mood disorders.
The bundle is based on the course anxiety- and mood disorders taught at the third year of psychology at the University of Amsterdam.

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