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Goal-directed learning and obsessive-compulsive disorderGillan & Robbins (2014)Philosophical transactions of the royal society Compulsions in OCD may derive from manifestations of excessive habit formation. The irrational threat beliefs (obsessions) characteristic of OCD may be a consequence, rather than an instigator, of compulsive behaviour in these patients. Compulsivity is ‘a hypothetical trait in which actions are persistently repeated despite adverse consequences’.There are two main schools of thought regarding the underlying mechanism that leads to compulsive behaviour. These are: 1) Cognitive, compulsivity is mediated by dysfunction in the assignment of value to available alternatives. The compulsive individual may view the cost of cessation of behaviour to be higher than the benefits of thereof. In this sense, the choice to continue the behaviour is purposeful and goal directed. Compulsions are performed to reduce the likelihood that an unwanted, or feared, consequence will take place. 2) OCD doesn’t necessarily arise form faulty value attribution or cognitive bias. It may result from goal-directed dysfunction that interacts with anxiety and irrational belief. Patients with OCD largely understand the relative value of the available outcomes and the cost of actions, and aim to promote expected values of outcomes and desist from compulsive behaviour, but cannot exert...
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Addiction and compulsions
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