Handbook of implicit cognition and addictionChapter 29Implementation intentions: can they be used to prevent and treat addiction? Forming an implementation intention involves an individual planning when, where, and how to perform a specific behaviour. Implementation behaviours could be employed to successfully link critical environmental cues to non-addictive behaviour or techniques to refuse the addictive substance. They could inhibit addiction-related cognitions, maintain self-regulatory resources, promote adherence to treatment, or deal effectively with internal factors. Implementation intentions involves an individual deciding when, where, and how they will perform a behaviour. It takes the form of an if-then plan that links behaviour or cognitive response to a good opportunity to act as a means to achieve a goal.Through implementation intentions, individuals commit themselves to act when faced with a certain situation in a particular manner. Implying motivational intentions are insufficient to tackle addiction. ...