Lecture 2: Emotions, Feelings, Moods, & Personalities brief episode (~ 6 sec) of verbal, autonomic, behavioral and neural changes in response to internal or external significant events.Emotions are affective state often accompanied by specific physiological characteristics, with the power to impact thoughts and behaviors.Emotions manifest themselves in non-verbal communication.Emotions result from a multidimensional process that occurs at:Psychophysiological: changes in physiological activityBehavioral: preparation for action or behavior mobilizationCognitive: the analysis of situations and their subjective interpretation in function of the personal history of the individualEmotional states are the result of the release of hormones and neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, cortisol, oxytocin), which are converted into feelings. Adaptive function: prepare the individual for actionSocial: communicate our state of mindMotivational: facilitate motivated behavior The ability to perceive these bodily responses will affect the subjective affective experienceInteroception: ability to perceive what is going on in the bodyAlexitamia: ability to label an emotion Above-chance discrimination of own heartbeat (Katkin et al.)Better heartbeat detectors = more intense emotional experienceBut men > women, opposite to detection of social affectInsula may be responsible for creation of the subjective experience of an emotion based on somatic markers Long lastingare the conscious experience of emotions (i.e., subjective interpretations of emotions)in feeling there is always a conscious process (feelings can be regulated by our thoughts)A feeling may be produced by a complex mixture of emotions (e.g., we can feel...