Masculinity is typically linked to lesbianism and femininity is linked to male-homosexuality in some contexts but not in all. There are ten major difficulties in the treatment of gender in sex research:Gender versus sexIt is not clear whether there is a difference between gender and sex in sex research. They are often used interchangeably and this could lead to confusion.Gender and sexualityGender is mostly seen as preceding and determining sexuality although they are more likely to be co-dependent and mutually informing. This relationship is dynamic.Preoccupation with differenceThere is dichotomous, categorical thinking when it comes to gender in sex research. This may be necessary to obtain information in research or for political reasons.Exaggeration of differencesThe differences between genders are often exaggerated while the differences are often small or trivial.Sex research methodology problemsThe methodological problems in sex research inflate gender differences and reinforce the double standard.Within-group differencesThe within sex differences are obscured and neglected by focusing on the between gender differences.Using sex as an explanatory variableThis neglects the importance of other generating and mediating factors (e.g. double standard as mediating factor).Relationship gender and bodyThere are difficulties in understanding the relationship between gender and the body (i.e. biology and sexuality). Definition of genderGender is often referred to as a cultural and individual phenomenon while it often seems to exist in interactions. Gender as static versus fluidGender is often presented as static while it may be useful to view it as fluid, dynamic and changing.There are several perspectives about the body in relation to gender and sexuality:Genes, hormones and the brainGender is influenced by biology but not determined.Objectification theoryThis theory states that girls’ and women’s internalized observed...