Bullying is the term used to define an individual’s repeated exposure to negative actions by one or more other people. There is a lot of social pressure in the classroom. A key factor is the process of social comparison, where the child compares his performance with his classmates. This comparison is mostly upward and can raise the child’s level of academic performance, but can also result in negative self-perception. Self-worth protection is the tendency of some students to reduce their levels of effort so that any subsequent poor academic performance will be attributed to low motivation rather than a lack of ability.There is also peer pressure to either work hard or to not work hard. The visible demonstration of a student’s attempt to excel academically has social risks. These social risks can result in reduced striving. Stress levels in relation to academic performance can often be high.Bullying is a subset of aggressive behaviour characterised by repetition and an imbalance of power. It is systematic abuse of power. The following methods can be used in order to find out about bullying: teacher and parent reports, self-reports, peer nominations, direct observations, interviews. There are different types of bullying. The traditional forms of bullying include physical, verbal and indirect aggression. Indirect aggression includes spreading rumours and systematic social exclusion. Bias bullying is bullying in which the victim is a member of a particular group. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying which uses electronic devices. Cyberbullying is more difficult to escape from. The bullies also have more anonymity when cyberbullying. Traditional bullying appears to be on the decline while cyberbullying is stable or increasing. There are four roles in bullying: bully, victim, non-involved, bully-victim. There are passive victims and provocative victims. There are also six participant roles: ringleader bullies, follower bullies, reinforcers,...
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