Electricity and brain stimulationElectricity is the basis of neural and muscular functioning. It’s how neurons communicate with one another and messages are being sent by electricity. These signals in the brain can be measured invasively (from inside the brain) or from the outside, like from the scalp. Neural signals can be influenced by excitation, inhibition and desynchronization. This can be done by machineries. An example is a pacemaker in the heart. This machinery is a widely accepted form of muscular stimulation. When it comes to the brain, people feel more uncomfortable with the thought of having such a machinery inside their brains. There are two main forms of brain stimulation. Invasive stimulation is done from inside the head. Examples of this form of brain stimulation are Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), as used in Parkinson, and Cochlear Implants (CI). Non-invasive stimulation is done from outside the head, for example placing electrodes onto the scalp. Examples of this form of brain stimulation are Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS, rTMS). Functions of brain stimulation are restoring function (stimulating something until it works by itself again), replacing function (adding something to take the place of the specific organ), improving function and research. Deep Brain StimulationWith DBS, electrodes are deeply implanted and those can record activity, but deliver stimulation as well. It can be used in diseases like Parkinson, chronic pain, major depression, OCD, Tourette and perhaps epilepsy (more research is needed). The placement and calibration of the device depend on the clinical goal. It must be done very precisely and it is important to know what kind of stimulation is needed (e.g. OCD needs different stimulation than major depression). Everyone’s brain is different from one another, therefore many scans is research is needed to figure out what is where exactly and...