Research Methods & Statistics – Interim exam 1 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

Contents of this bundle:

This bundle contains a summary for the first interim exam of the course "Research Methods & Statistics" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the books: "Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (third edition)" with the chapters:

- 1, 2, 3, 5.

And the book "Research Methods in statistics by B. Morling (third edition)" with the following chapters:

- 1, 2, 5

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Bundle items:

Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (fourth edition) – Chapter 1 summary

USING DATA TO ANSWER STATISTICAL QUESTIONS
The information we gather with experiments and surveys is collectively called data. Statistics is the art and science of learning from data. Statistical problem solving consists of four things:

Formulate a statistical question
Collect data
Analyse data
Interpret results

The three main components of

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Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (fourth edition) – Chapter 2 summary

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA
A variable is any characteristic observed in a study. The data values that we observe for a variable are called observations. A variable can be categorical and quantitative.

Categorical variables are variables that belong to a distinct set of categories. A categorical variable can be numerical, because some variables do not

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Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (fourth edition) – Chapter 3 summary

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
When analysing data the first step is to distinguish between the response variable and the explanatory variable. The response variable is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made. If the explanatory variable is categorical, it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values for the response variable. If

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Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (fourth edition) – Chapter 5 summary

HOW PROBABILITY QUANTIFIES RANDOMNESS
Probability is the way we quantify uncertainness. It measures the chances of the possible outcomes for random phenomena. A random phenomenon is an everyday occurrence for which the outcome is uncertain. With random phenomena, the proportion of times that something happens is highly random and variable in the short run, but very predictable

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Research methods in psychology by B. Morling (third edition) – Chapter 1 summary

It is important to both produce and consume research. A research consumer is important, because to effectively know something or to put a theory or treatment in to use, it is imperative that the research consumer knows the evidence behind the evidence-based treatment. It is important to be able to decide how valuable and useful a research really

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Research methods in psychology by B. Morling (third edition) – Chapter 2 summary

EXPERIENCE
Experience is not a reliable source of information, because it has no comparison group. A comparison group in research is a group which isn’t affected by the controlled independent variable, so it is possible to really determine whether the independent variable has the effect people think it has.

E.g: Doctors used to take blood from

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