Girls with ADHD appear to have less severe inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity but greater intellectual impairments than boys with ADHD. Girls also tend to have more internalizing comorbid disorders than boys whilst boys with ADHD are at higher risk for externalizing psychiatric comorbidities than girls. The heterogeneity of ADHD increases the need for personalized treatment. Plan my life (PML) is a treatment for ADHD which is focused on improving planning and planning-related skills. Solution-focused treatment (SFT) is a treatment focused on solutions and not necessarily focused on improving planning and planning-related skills. SFT is focused on finding solutions for chosen problems. Both treatments appear to be effective, although PML shows more reduction of parent-rated planning problems and higher treatment satisfaction of parents and therapists. Qualitative treatment-subgroup interaction refers to the phenomenon where the optimal treatment for one subgroup differs from that for another subgroup. Quantitative treatment-subgroup interaction refers to the phenomenon where optimal treatment is the same in all subgroups but the size of the between-treatment difference differs across subgroups (e.g. effect is larger for males than for females). This implies that the patient characteristics defining the subgroup are moderators of treatment effect. Having no or a single comorbid disorder (1), being older of age (2), having a mother with high parenting self-efficacy (3) or not having a particular gene (4) positively influence the effects of behavioural treatment on ADHD symptoms. There appears to be no need for personalized treatment allocation for adolescents with ADHD symptoms in the treatment of ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with less ADHD symptoms should receive SFT over PML. On the other hand, greater treatment gains were obtained for adolescents with more severe ADHD symptoms who were assigned to the PML group. There also appears to...
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