Organizational BehaviorChapter 15Organizational changes Organizations operate as open systems that need to keep pace with ongoing changes in their external environment.Successful organizations monitor their environments and take appropriate steps to maintain a compatible fit with new external conditions.Employees in successful companies embrace change as an integral part of organizational life.Force field analysis: Kurt Lewin’s model of systemwide change that helps change agents diagnose the forces that drive and restrain proposed organizational change.One side of the force field model represents driving forces that push organizations toward a new state of affairs.The other side of Lewin’s model represents the restraining forces that maintain the status quo. Resistance to change.Stability occurs when the driving and restraining forces are roughly in equilibrium, they are of approximately equal strength in opposite directions.Change occurs by unfreezing.Unfreezing: the first part of the change process, in which the change agent produces disequilibrium between the driving and restraining forces.Moving to a desired conditionRefreezing: the latter part of the change process, in which systems and structures are introduced that reinforce and maintain the desired behaviors. Resistance to change takes...