Wst-rChapter 3Logic: deductive validityArgument reconstruction: the representation of arguments in standard form, so as to give us a clear and comprehensive view of them.Argument assessment: the determination of whether or not arguments provide good reasons for accepting their conclusions. An argument is a system of propositions.Propositions: a set of premises advanced in support of a conclusion.People succeed in expressing the propositions they have in mind in varying degrees of clarity. An argument may depend upon premises that the arguer does not state at all, but which he or she is implicitly assuming.Since the purpose of argument-reconstruction is to determine exactly what argument has been given, part of the task is to clarify what the arguer actually said, and to supplement what the arguer actually said (to make explicit what was merely implicit in the arguer’s statements).The sentences we use in a reconstruction of the argument need not to be the very same sentences as used by the arguer in giving their argument. We may employ sentences that more clearly or precisely express the propositions that constitute the argument.Our reconstructed version of the argument may contain premises that are not expressed by any of the sentences actually used by the arguer.Argument-reconstruction is essentially a task of interpretation.The principle of charity.In such facts pertaining to the context in which the argument is given, together with the specific words used by...