Cross-cultural psychology of health and illness - UL - StudyNotes EN (2015-2016)
These lecture notes are based on the subject Cross-Cultural Psychology from the year 2015-2016 Culture has many definitions. Culture may change a little bit over generations, but there is much stability through the ages (enculturation). An easy definition of culture is “a way to see the world, like a lens you cannot remove during your life” (Helman, 2007).Hall made a difference between three levels of culture:Tertiary level: culture that is visible to outsiders that don’t belong to that culture. For example the clothing, this is the façade of a culture, what you can see.Secondary level: the underlying beliefs and rules that are called social norms. Most of the time these social norms aren’t shared with outsiders.Primary or deepest level: rules that are known to all, but are implicit. The deepest level of culture is very resistant to change and is generally subconscious. This can be the case if you are in a different culture and act according to your original culture's rules. Also, in some cultures being an older woman and having children is strongly connected and people think it is strange if for example a forty-year old women does not have any children. This an example of the deepest level of culture. In traditional cultures social roles are prescribed to the individuals. In non-traditional cultures social roles are achieved by...
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