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Stressors refer to stimuli and context (e.g. losing a job). It is not the individual response to a stressor. There are positive stressors (1), tolerable stressors (2) and toxic stressors (3).A positive stressor has the least impact on health (e.g. getting married). A stressor leads to change and can thus be positive. Toxic stressors are highly negative stressors (e.g. childhood adversity). Childhood adversity refers to absence of nurturing stimulation or the presence of harmful stimulation. This is associated with maladaptive family functioning. This is highly predictive of mental disorders later in life and increases the need for early detection of childhood adversity. The effect of neglect can be measured using the still face experiment. The stress system involves the amygdala, which signals the hypothalamus. This starts a cascade of hormonal reactions which is represented in the HPA axis. There is a fast and a slow stress response.Chronic stress leads to a dysregulated HPA axis. The dysregulation can lead to a blunted cortisol response or a heightened cortisol response. Both are associated with impairments in executive functioning. A dysregulation of the HPA axis increases sensitivity to psychopathology and disease. The 3-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience states that there are individual differences at the genetic level of the stress response. This influences the baseline stress response of a person. Thus, a negative genetic predisposition interacts with the early-life environment. The genetic predisposition is hit 1, the early life environment is hit 2 and hit 3 is the later life environment. Three negative hits would lead to negative health outcomes according to the model.There are different methods to assess stress during different developmental periods. HPA-axis dysregulations are apparent in stress-related psychiatric disorders. HPA-axis dysregulations appear to already be present during childhood adversity in children...
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Clinical Developmental & Health Psychology – Lecture summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains all the lectures included in the course "Clinical Developmental & Health Psychology" given at the University of Amsterdam. The lectures include the articles. The following is included:
Lecture 1 (Evolution and development of disorders)
Del Giudice (2016); Li, van Vught, & Colarelli (2018)Lecture 2 (Infant cognition)
Hunnius (2007); Geeraerts et al. (2019)Lecture 3 (Diagnostics and treatment of anxiety)
Hudson et al.
Clinical Developmental & Health Psychology – Full course summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains all the information needed for the for the course "Clinical Developmental & Health Psychology" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains lecture information, information from the relevant books and all the articles. The following is included:
- “Del Giudice (2016). The evolutionary future of psychopathology.” – Article summary
- “Geeraerts et al. (2018). Individual differences in visual attention and self-regulation: A multimethod longitudinal study from infancy to toddlerhood.” – Article summary
- “Hunnius (2007). The early development of visual attention and its implications for social and cognitive development.” – Article summary
- “Li, van Vught, & Colarelli (2018). Corrigendum:
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