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Scaling refers to assigning numerical values to psychological attributes. Individuals in a group should be similar to each other in the regard of sharing a psychological feature. There are rules to follow in order to put people in categories:People in a category must be identical with respect to the feature that categorizes the group (e.g. hair colour).The groups must be mutually exclusiveThe groups must be exhaustive (e.g. everyone in the population can fall into a category).Each person should fall into one category and not more than one. If numerals are used to indicate order, then the numerals serve as labels indicating rank. If numerals have the property of quantity, then they convey information about the exact amounts of an attribute. Units of measurement are standardized quantities. The three levels of groups are identity (1), order (2) and quantity (3).There are two possible meanings of the number zero. It can be the absolute zero (1) (e.g. a reaction time of 0ms) or it can be an arbitrary quantity of an attribute (2). This is called the arbitrary zero. The arbitrary zero does not represent the absence of anything, rather, it is a point on a scale to measure that feature. A lot of psychological attributes use the arbitrary zero (e.g. social skill, self-esteem, intelligence).An unit of measurement might be arbitrary because unit size may be arbitrary (1), some units of measurement are not tied to any one type of object (2) (e.g. centimetres can measure anything with a spatial property) and some units of measurement can be used to measure different features of the same object (3) (e.g. weight and length).One assumption of counting is additivity. This requires that unit size does not change. This would mean that an increase of one point is equal at every point. This is not always the case, as an IQ test asks increasingly difficult questions to increase one point of IQ. Therefore, the unit size changes.Counting only qualifies as...
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Scientific & Statistical Reasoning – Article summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains all the summaries for the course "Scientific & Statistical Reasoning" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the following articles:
- “Borsboom & Cramer (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology.” – Article summary
- “Borsboom et al. (2016). Kinds versus continua: a review of psychometric approaches to uncover the structure of psychiatric constructs.” – Article summary
- “Cohen on item response theory” – Article summary
- “Cohen on the science of psychological measurement” - Article summary
- “Coyle (2015). Introduction to qualitative psychological research.” – Article summary
- “Dienes
Scientific & Statistical Reasoning – Summary interim exam 3 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains everything you need to know for the fifth interim exam for the course "Scientific & Statistical Reasoning" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains both articles, book chapters and lectures. It consists of the following materials:
Field, Chapter 6 |
Field, Chapter 8 |
Field, Chapter 9 |
Field, Chapter 11 |
Foster (2010) |
Scientific & Statistical Reasoning – Summary interim exam 5 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains everything you need to know for the fifth interim exam for the course "Scientific & Statistical Reasoning" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains both articles, book chapters and lectures. It consists of the following materials:
Furr & Bacharach – Chapter 8 |
Furr & Bacharach – Chapter 9 |
Article: Cohen |
Article: Cohen (Item response theory) |
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