A utility analysis refers to a family of techniques that entail a cost-benefit analysis designed to yield information relevant to a decision about the usefulness and/or practical value of a tool of assessment. It is done in order to see whether the benefits of using a test outweigh the costs of that test. The objective of a utility analysis determines the required information (1) and the specific methods that have to be used (2). One method of utility analysis is expectancy data. This is converting the test data to an expectancy table. It can provide a likelihood that a test taker will score within some interval of scores on a criterion measure. Taylor-Russel tables provide an estimate of the extent to which inclusion of a particular test in the selection system will improve selection. It gives an increase in base rate of successful performance that is associated with a particular level of criterion-related validity. The selection ratio is a numerical value that reflects the relationship between the number of people to be hired and the number of people available to be hired. The base rate refers to the percentage of people hired under the existing system. Top-down selection is a process of awarding available positions to applicants whereby the highest scorer is awarded the first position. A downside of top-down selection is that this may lead to unintended discriminatory effects. HitA correct classification MissAn incorrect classificationHit rateThe proportion of people that an assessment tool accurately identifies as possessing or exhibiting a particular trait, ability, behaviour or attribute. Miss rateThe proportion of people that an assessment tool inaccurately describes as possessing or exhibiting a particular trait, ability, behaviour or attribute. False positiveA specific type of miss whereby an assessment tool falsely indicates that the test taker possesses a trait.False negativeA...