Power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others. Power is based on the target’s perception that the power holder controls. Power is also based on dependence, the target needs to believe that someone has access to a resource that can help or hinder him to achieve a goal. Countervailing power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to keep a more powerful person or group in the exchange relationship. A minimum level of trust is crucial in order to have power. There are several sources of power:Legitimate power (power from position)This is an agreement among organizational members that people in certain roles can request certain behaviours of others. This is usually the most important source of power in organizational settings. Legitimate power has restrictions; it gives the power holder only the right to ask others to perform a limited domain of behaviours. This is called the zone of indifference. Information control is a form of legitimate power.Reward power (power from position)This is the power derived from a person’s ability to control the allocation of rewards valued by others and to remove negative sanctions. Coercive power (power from position)This is the ability to apply punishment. Expert power (power from characteristics)This is an individual’s or work unit’s capacity to influence others by possessing knowledge or skills valued by others. Expertise can help companies cope with uncertainties in three ways: prevention (1), forecasting (2) and absorption (3). Referent power (power from characteristics)This is the capacity to influence others on the basis of identification with and respect for the power holder. Referent power is associated with charisma. Humans have a norm of reciprocity, a felt obligation and social expectation to help someone who has previously helped you. This norm is a form of legitimate power because it is an informal rule of conduct we are expected to follow....


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Organizational Behaviour, emerging knowledge and practice for the real world, by S. McShane, M. Von Glinow (fifth edition) – Book summary

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