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Descartes has several important characteristics:Introduces the mind-body problem through Cartesian doubt.Introduces the interaction problem.Dualist; he proposes that the mind is immaterial and the rest is material.Nativist; he attempts to prove the existence of God and uses innate knowledge for this.Mechanistic thinker; he believes the body can be seen as a machine.Rationalist; he believes that the only way to obtain knowledge is through the ratio.The mind-body problem refers to the problem of the relationship between the (material) body and the (immaterial) mind. The interaction problem refers to how an immaterial substance can interact with a material substance. Cartesian doubt refers to systematically doubting all previous beliefs and reasoning back from what remains. Descartes did this by putting all beliefs on an imaginary table and getting rid of all fallible things. Observation is fallible and, therefore, is not certain. Reality is fallible as it is possible that everything is fed to us by an evil demon (i.e. simulation) and, therefore, is not certain. There is something which doubts and this is not fallible and is, thus, certain (i.e. “Cogito Ergo Sum / I think, therefore, I am”). Descartes states that there is an idea of perfection (i.e. Plato’s ideal world) and this idea cannot be his own as he is not perfect, meaning that this idea has to be planted in him by a perfect being: God. This idea of perfection is innate. Descartes’ dualism is opposed by modern physics as it violates the law of conservation; adding energy out of nothing. Rejection of dualism easily leads to materialism but does not necessarily lead to reductionism as holism is also a viable alternative. Reductionism is the view that theories of mental properties can be reduced to neuroscientific theories.Locke has several important characteristics:Attempts to refute rationalism using psychological observations; the observation of childrenEmpiricist; humans...
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Historical and Conceptual Issues in Psychology by M. Brysbaert and K. Rastle (second edition) – Book Summary
This bundle describes a summary of the book "Historical and Conceptual Issues in Psychology by M. Brysbaert and K. Rastle (second edition)". The following chapters are used:
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13
Fundamentals of Psychology – Interim exam 1 summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains everything you need to know for the first interim exam of Fundamentals of Psychology for the University of Amsterdam. It uses the book "Historical and Conceptual Issues in Psychology by M. Brysbaert and K. Rastle (second edition)". The bundle contains the following chapters:
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
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