Lecture 8: Mood disorders

What topics are discussed?

Depression

To receive a diagnosis of depression 5 (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same two-week period and represent a change from previous functioning. At least one of the symptoms is either 1 or two.

  1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day. (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
  2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day.
  3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain/decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. (Note: In children, consider failure to make weight gain.)
  4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
  5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day.
  6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
  7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self reproach or guilt about being sick).
  8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day.
  9. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

 

The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The episode is not attributable to a substance (e.g. alcohol, drugs, medication) or to another medical condition.

Mood disorder: the mood spectrum

Within mood disorders there are multiple different levels/dimensions of mood disorders. These and their characteristics will be explained.

First, there are two types of depression which can be distinguished.
A unipolar depression is characterised by just depression. Two types of unipolar depression are major depressive disorder (shorter amount of time, at least two weeks, but very severe) and dysthymic depression/persistent depressive disorder (longer amount of time, at least two years).
A bipolar disorder is characterised by periods of depression and periods of mania. There is bipolar I disorder, in which there are periods of severe depression and periods of severe mania, meanwhile in bipolar II disorder (hypomania) is characterised by less severe periods of mania. The symptoms of mania are not severe enough to interfere with daily activities and they do not consist of hallucinations or illusions.

Mania is defined as a distinct period

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