Clinical psychologyChapter 10Substance use disorders Prevalence adolescents: 9,3 to 10 percent.Addiction: a more severe substance use disorder that is characterized by having more symptoms, tolerance, and withdrawal, by using more of the substance than intended, by trying unsuccessfully to stop, by having physical or psychological problems made worse by the drug, and by experiencing problems at work or with friends.Tolerance: indicated by either:Larger doses of the substance being needed to produce the desired effectThe effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is taken.Withdrawal: the negative physical and psychological effects that develop when a person stops taking the substance or reduces the amount. DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorderProblematic pattern of use that impairs functioning. Two or more symptoms within a 1-year period:Failure to meet obligationsRepeated use in situations where it is physically dangerousRepeated relationship problemsContinued use despite problems caused by the substanceToleranceWithdrawalSubstance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intendedEfforts to reduce or control use do not workMuch time spent trying to obtain the substanceSocial, hobbies, or work activities given up or reducedCraving to use the substance is strongAlcohol use disorder Delirium tremens (DTs): when the level of alcohol in the blood drops suddenly.Liver enzymes that metabolize alcohol can account...