The rhythmic and repetitive brain activity, which can be measured through EEG, is ranging from delta (0–4 Hz) to gamma (30–100 Hz). The study of brain oscillations is attracting substantial amount of scientific attention and is one of the fastest growing research areas in neuroscience. Oscillations represent a major mechanism of communication within the brain and have been consistently related to cognitive functions. An example of such an association is the link between frontal-midline (fm) theta oscillations and executive control. Power increases of fm-theta have been associated with enhanced cognitive processing and can predict successful behavioral performance.Definition of neurofeedback:Neurofeedback is a technique, for dealing with brain-based functional disorders without the use of medication or invasive procedures, in which brain activity is recorded using electrodes and presented visually or audibly so that the patient can know the state of the function he or she is trying to control The goal of neurofeedback is the self-regulation of endogenous neural oscillations. Neural parameters of ongoing neural activity are fed back to the participant on a trial-by-trial fashion to up- or downregulate one’s own brain activity. Thereby implementation of neurofeedback is realized by a software system and a processing pipeline consisting of five basic elements, including data acquisition, online data processing, online feature extraction, online feedback generation, and the learning participant. A considerable amount of literature reported associations of alpha oscillations with cognition. Alpha brain oscillations are associated with working memory, covert attention and behavioral performance. For example, upper alpha frequency training led to enhanced strategic and top-down processes as reflected in associativememory, whereas training of the...