Social psychologyChapter 8Attitudes and behaviorAttitudes and behaviors are often related for two reasons:Action influences attitudesAttitudes influence actionsSome important conditions have to be in place for attitudes to guide behavior.Attitudes are only one of several factors that can affect behavior. From action to attitude via superficial processingBehavior is an important part of the information on which people base attitudes. If behaviors change, attitudes can also change. When people process superficially, attitudes can be based on associations with actions or on inferences from actions. Like other forms of superficial processing, actions are more likely to affect attitudes in this way when people lack the motivation or ability to process more thoroughly.At the most superficial level of processing, attitudes can be based on associations with actions.Associations with action Movements that are strongly associated with liking and disliking can rub off when they occur in the presence of an attitude object.Because some muscle movements and positive or negative evaluation is very strong, activating those muscles and movements makes particular attitudes more likely. But this effect depends upon what such movements mean to us.People believe that actions reflect intention and motivation. Just as we think that others’ actions reflect their inner states, we are used to assuming our own do too, unless something tells us otherwise.Inferences from action: self-perception theoryPeople often make straightforward inferences from their actions to their attitudes.People infer attitudes by observing their own behaviors and...

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Social Psychology by Smith, E, R (fourth edition) a summary

Social Psychology by Smith, E, R (fourth edition) a summary

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This is a summary of the book Social Psychology by Smith. It is an introduction to social psychology and is about human behaviour in relation to groups and other humans. This book is used in the course 'Social psychology' in the first year of the study Psychology at the University of Amsterdam.