Synaesthesia: A condition in which individuals presented with sensory input of one modality consistently and automatically experience a sensory event in a different modality For example: seeing colour on hearing musical notesIllustration of how a synaesthete would see numbers compared to how non-synaesthetes see them: http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/dn/v9n1//1980-5764-dn-09-01-00016-gf02.jpgInducers: The triggers of synaesthetic experienceSynaesthesia is usually a unidirectional process; the letter A may give rise to the perception of red but not vice versa.Synaesthetes are usually highly consistent – e.g.: Monday is always the smell of cheeseEven when blind, synaesthetes see colours on hearing or thinking about letters or numbersBrain-imaging studies of synaesthesia:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Electroencephalography (EEG)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)Most neural accounts of synaesthesia are based on the idea that regions related to the perception of the inducer (e.g. letter reading) become linked to regions related to the experience (e.g. colour perception) such that the occurrence of the former automatically activates the latterCertain hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD can induce temporary synaesthetic experiences in non-synaesthetes, suggesting that the pathways connecting the different sensory modules exist in normal brainsBlinsight: the ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving themScotomata (plural of scotoma): The areas of blindnessPerhaps blindsight patients are responding to light which was reflected from the object onto the functioning areas of the visual field This doesn’t explain, however, how the patients can distinguish between X’s and O’sWhile patients do not have any conscious experience of perception, at some level below that accessible to...